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LONDON: Israeli forces in Gaza control more territory than stipulated in the ceasefire agreement with Hamas, a BBC investigation has found.
Israel was meant to withdraw to a set boundary to the north, south and east of Gaza known as the Yellow Line.
But footage and satellite images show that Israeli forces have planted markers to denote the line hundreds of meters deeper than expected, BBC Verify reported.
Defense Minister Israel Katz has said anyone violating the line “will be met with fire.” Israeli forces have already opened fire with deadly consequence on people crossing it twice since its establishment.
The line has changed several times since the ceasefire agreement was announced. On Oct. 14, Israel published an updated version in an online map for residents to adhere to, but Israeli footage geolocated by BBC Verify found several markers as much as 0.5 km further inside Gaza than previously suggested.
The markers, near Al-Atatra neighborhood in northern Gaza, had been moved with bulldozers by the Israeli military along the coastal Al-Rashid Road.
In the south near Khan Younis, another 10 markers were identified on Oct. 19 as far as 290 meters beyond where the Yellow Line is meant to be.
Gazans have said the line is not clearly marked, putting them in danger of Israeli fire if they stray too close to it.
Abdel Qader Ayman Bakr, who lives in Gaza City near the boundary in Shejaiya district, told the BBC: “Each day, we can see Israeli military vehicles and soldiers at a relatively close distance, yet we have no way of knowing whether we are in what is considered a safe zone or an active danger zone.
“We are constantly exposed to danger, especially since we are forced to remain here because this is where our home once stood.”
In an incident on Oct. 17, 11 people were killed by Israeli fire, including women and children, when their vehicle strayed over the line near the Zeitoun neighborhood of Gaza City.
BBC Verify said it had seen footage of rescue workers, a burnt-out vehicle and the body of a child covered with a white sheet, and geolocated the video to around 125 meters over the Yellow Line.
Dr. Lawrence Hill-Cawthorne, professor of public international law at the University of Bristol, told the BBC: “Israel’s obligations under the law of armed conflict do not cease even for those breaching the Yellow Line.”
She added: “It can only target enemy fighters or those directly participating in hostilities, and in so doing it must not cause excessive civilian harm.”

GENEVA: The World Health Organization said Thursday there had been little improvement in the amount of aid going into Gaza since a ceasefire took hold — and no observable reduction in hunger.
“The situation still remains catastrophic because what’s entering is not enough,” WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told an online press briefing from the UN health agency’s Geneva headquarters.
Since the US-brokered ceasefire between Israel and Hamas came into effect on October 10, there has been “no dent in hunger, because there is not enough food,” he warned.
Israel repeatedly cut off aid to the Gaza Strip during the war, exacerbating dire humanitarian conditions. The United Nations said that caused a famine in parts of the Palestinian territory.
Since the start of 2025, 411 people are known to have died from the effects of malnutrition in Gaza, including 109 children, Richard Peeperkorn, the WHO’s representative in the Palestinian territories, told reporters.
“All of these deaths were preventable,” stressed Teresa Zakaria, WHO’s unit head for humanitarian and disaster action. More than 600,000 people in Gaza were currently facing “catastrophic levels of food insecurity,” she added.
But while the agreement brokered by US President Donald Trump provides for the entry of 600 trucks per day, Tedros said currently only between 200 and 300 trucks were getting in daily.
And “a good number of the trucks are commercial,” he said, when many people in the territory have no resources to buy goods.
“That reduces the beneficiary size,” he said.

- 15,000 awaiting evacuation -

The WHO chief hailed the fact that the ceasefire was holding despite violations, but warned: “The crisis is far from over, and the needs are immense.
“Although the flow of aid has increased, it’s still only a fraction of what’s needed,” he added.
Citing figures from the health ministry in Hamas-run Gaza, WHO health emergencies incident manager Nabil Tabbal said 89 people had been killed and some 317 wounded since the ceasefire took hold.
Gaza’s health system has been ravaged during Israel’s two-year war in the Palestinian territory following Hamas’s deadly October 7, 2023 attacks.
Tedros warned that “the total cost for rebuilding the Gaza health system will be at least $7 billion.”
“There are no fully functioning hospitals in Gaza, and only 14 out of 36 are functioning at all. There are critical shortages of essential medicines, equipment and health workers,” Tedros said.
“More than 170,000 people have injuries in Gaza, including more than 5,000 amputees and 3,600 people who have major burns,” he pointed out.
He said that since the ceasefire took effect, WHO had been sending more medical supplies to hospitals, deploying additional emergency medical teams and striving to scale up medical evacuations.
The agency had facilitated the evacuation of 41 patients and 145 companions on Wednesday.
But he warned that “there are still 15,000 patients who need treatment outside Gaza, including 4,000 children.”
Tedros urged more countries to step up to receive patients from Gaza for specialized care. He called on Israel to allow “all crossings to be opened to allow more patients to be treated in Egypt, and to enable the scale-up of aid.
“The delay in medical evacuation, especially for some patients, means they could die while waiting,” he warned.
Since the start of the war, Tedros pointed out, “more than 700 have died while waiting for evacuation.”