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In the face of the international legal and political systems’ paralyzing silence and utter failure to hold Israel accountable for its genocide in Gaza, international civil society has refused to stand idly by. Instead, it continues to forge a path, presenting essential working models for what true justice in Palestine must look like.

The latest, and arguably most important, expression of this global conscience is the Gaza Tribunal. Its final session concluded in Istanbul on Oct. 26. The tribunal, launched in London in November 2024 and modeled on the Russell Tribunal into America’s conduct during the Vietnam War, has a mission to activate global civil society and provide a comprehensive “people’s record” by rigorously documenting Israeli crimes against the Palestinian people.

Its activities involved earlier hearings in Sarajevo and consolidating findings across three thematic chambers: international law, international relations and world order, and history, ethics and philosophy. The Istanbul session culminated with a so-called jury of conscience issuing a powerful moral judgment that accused Israel of systematic exterminatory violence.

These civil society-led tribunals aim to fill the ethical and legal void created by the international system’s failure to confront the war crimes carried out by powerful states that are, by all appearances, practically immune from accountability.

In the case of Palestine, such initiatives are critical. They contribute to a well-recorded indictment of Israeli war crimes — and those that enable them through direct funding, the provision of weapons or the blocking of punitive actions at international institutions.

Though mechanisms exist, through the UN Security Council, the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court, the US government and other allies of Israel have consistently blocked or obstructed the legal paths that could have stopped the war of extermination against Palestinians.

The Gaza Tribunal thus becomes a necessary platform for casting educated, evidence-based judgment — the kind of judgment that should have been made by the world court and enforced by the UNSC. Those behind these initiatives are experienced international law experts, academics and well-regarded justice activists. They include renowned figures such as Dr. Richard Falk, the former UN special rapporteur for Palestine and professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University, who served as the tribunal’s president.

Allies of Israel have consistently blocked or obstructed the legal paths that could have stopped its war of extermination

Dr. Ramzy Baroud

In their “Final Findings and Moral Judgment” statement, the panel of judges condemned the Israeli genocide, referencing its “holistic nature,” “dehumanization of the people” and “sadistic character.”

Among other crimes, the judges indicted and condemned Israel for the crimes of starvation and famine, domicide (the deliberate destruction of homes and shelter), ecocide (the systematic destruction of the environment and ecosystems), reprocide (the destruction of conditions for procreation and reproduction) and scholasticide (the systematic destruction of educational facilities, personnel and the collective memory of a people).

The judges also condemned the killing of journalists, the very individuals attempting to document and expose the genocide, along with their families. “Silencing these journalists is instrumental to the concealment of the genocide and more journalists have been killed than in any other conflict,” the final statement read.

The statement further condemned the prevalent use by Israel of torture, sexual violence, forced disappearances and gender-based violence in detention, among a host of other egregious crimes.

Crucially, the final verdict directly assigned responsibility to powerful actors. The tribunal found that “Western governments, particularly the United States and others,” have been complicit in the Israeli genocide and, in some cases, actively colluded with it.

But the scope of the complicity and collusion was not limited to state actors. It extended to the media and academic institutions that, the tribunal found, actively justify the Israeli crimes, silence the Palestinian voice and provide wholesale condemnation of all Palestinians — a position entirely consistent with Israel's own narrative.

The powerful indictment of Israel is not merely symbolic. Its practical value, however, depends entirely on our collective ability to leverage its findings. We must use this evidence to advance the many legal cases lodged against Israeli leaders, military officials and individual soldiers.

The massive files of victim testimonies, expert analysis and eyewitness accounts constitute a treasure trove for those committed to seeing Israeli war criminals punished for one of the worst crimes carried out against a civilian population in modern history.

It is critical to recognize that many of the ongoing legal proceedings concerning Gaza — at the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court and various national courts — have been pioneered and sustained by civil society. These efforts are led by human rights groups, legal research organizations and justice activists.

The Gaza Tribunal is, therefore, not an endpoint; it is a vital step on the path to justice and accountability. It has consciously built on the work of past initiatives and now serves as a major, indispensable steppingstone for future action.

Unlike divine judgment, human justice is neither guaranteed nor inevitable; it is a fierce process. Its attainment rests entirely on the determination of those who fight for it and aspire to achieve it.

Friends of Palestine, globally, are unwavering in their resolve to shatter Israeli immunity once and for all. The Gaza Tribunal is a powerful weapon in their arsenal. Its success hinges on our unyielding faith in the process and our ironclad determination to follow through.

• Dr. Ramzy Baroud is a journalist, author and the editor of The Palestine Chronicle. His latest book, “Before the Flood,” will be published by Seven Stories Press. His website is www.ramzybaroud.net. X: @RamzyBaroud