DR Congo accord with M23: fragile step toward peace

DR Congo accord with M23: fragile step toward peace
Smoke billows from a United Nations armoured personnel carrier left on the side of the road in Nzulo, DRC. (AFP)
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DR Congo accord with M23: fragile step toward peace

DR Congo accord with M23: fragile step toward peace
  • Eastern DRC, rich in resources and bordering Rwanda, has been riven by conflict for more than 30 years
  • The crisis intensified with the 2021 resurgence of the M23 group and came to a head in January and February as the group seized Goma and Bukavu

KINSHASA: A recent ceasefire agreed between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda-backed M23 rebels, set to take effect this week, ranks as a tentative step toward peace in the country’s conflict-wracked east.
Signed on July 19 in Doha, Qatar, the agreement saw the sides commit to a “permanent ceasefire” and “dialogue and negotiation” to facilitate the “voluntary” return of refugees and displaced persons.
But analysts cautioned the peace process in the mineral-rich region remains fragile and lacks sufficient international support.
Thousands of people have died in fighting over the key towns of Goma and Bukavu, with many thousands displaced and facing a serious humanitarian crisis.

Eastern DRC, rich in resources and bordering Rwanda, has been riven by conflict for more than 30 years.
The crisis intensified with the 2021 resurgence of the M23 group and came to a head in January and February as the group seized Goma and Bukavu, setting up parallel administrations in each.
Kinshasa had previously opposed direct dialogue with the M23. Diplomatic attempts to resolve the crisis, including mediation by Angola, failed.
However, the surprise intervention of Qatar succeeded in bringing together Presidents Felix Tshisekedi of the DRC and Paul Kagame of Rwanda in Doha in mid-March.
The pair committed to an immediate and unconditional ceasefire and “that’s when things really got moving,” said a Rwandan diplomatic source.
“This paved the way for negotiations at the technical level with a bilateral track between the DRC and Rwanda, and on the other side an internal track between the DRC and the M23,” the source said.
“Then the United States entered the fray and more or less took over the bilateral aspect.”

Seeking foreign support against M23’s rapid advances, Tshisekedi in early March discussed a mining agreement with the United States.
On June 28, the foreign ministers of the DRC and Rwanda signed a “peace agreement” in Washington.
On July 17, the DRC government signed an agreement with US group Kobold Metals, which committed to investing in the digitization of geological data and the development of a lithium mine in southeast DRC.
The Congolese president then resolved to hold direct talks with M23, having previously refused to do so, leading to the Doha agreement.

The Doha agreement calls for a roadmap for the “full restoration of authority” of the DRC government in the east of the country once a peace agreement is signed.
But a dispute soon arose, when DRC government spokesman Patrick Muyaya spoke of an “immediate withdrawal” of the M23, which has a political arm, the Congo River Alliance (AFC).
“Nowhere has it been mentioned that the AFC/M23 must leave liberated areas,” its spokesman, Lawrence Kanyuka, told AFP.
This verbal escalation “shows that there is the will on both sides to fight,” said Fred Bauma, executive director at the Congolese Ebuteli Institute.
Without outside pressure — particularly from the United States and Qatar, and to a lesser extent the European Union — it will be difficult to end the conflict solely through dialogue, said Bauma.
Reports by UN experts say Rwanda has sent troops to the DRC to support the M23 and has also provided the group with weapons and technology.
Kigali has always rejected those accusations, saying it is simply engaged in “defensive measures” against a Hutu armed group in eastern DRC, the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) — an armed group founded by former Hutu leaders of the 1994 Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi ethnic group.
The agreement has not yet put an end to the violence. Last Thursday saw at least 11 people killed in fighting between M23 and pro-Kinshasa groups, according to local sources. Both sides blamed the other.

Kinshasa and the M23 gave themselves until July 29 to implement the declaration with the deal setting an August 8 deadline for formal negotiations on a comprehensive peace accord, to be signed by August 17.
But analysts see these deadlines as short and it will be tough to meet them in the absence of “sufficiently strong American diplomatic pressure,” says Congolese political analyst Christian Moleka.
He says it could take “six to eight months, or even a year to see the M23 withdraw” completely from areas which it controls.


Six killed in stampede at temple in India’s Haridwar, ANI reports

Six killed in stampede at temple in India’s Haridwar, ANI reports
Updated 12 sec ago

Six killed in stampede at temple in India’s Haridwar, ANI reports

Six killed in stampede at temple in India’s Haridwar, ANI reports
  • The injured have been taken to the local hospital

At least six people were killed in a stampede after a large crowd gathered at the Mansa Devi temple in the northern Indian city of Haridwar, ANI reported on Sunday, citing Garhwal Division Commissioner Vinay Shankar Pandey.
The chief minister of India’s northern state of Uttarakhand posted on X that local police and other rescue teams have reached the spot and are engaged in relief and rescue operations.
The injured have been taken to the local hospital, the ANI report added.
India has a history of crowd accidents. At least 30 people died at the Maha Kumbh Hindu festival in January as tens of millions gathered to dip in sacred waters. In June, at least 11 people died in crowd chaos outside an Indian cricket stadium.


Trump’s meeting with a key European official comes as his tariff deadline nears

Trump’s meeting with a key European official comes as his tariff deadline nears
Updated 10 min 18 sec ago

Trump’s meeting with a key European official comes as his tariff deadline nears

Trump’s meeting with a key European official comes as his tariff deadline nears
  • The US and EU seemed close to reaching a deal earlier this month, but Trump instead threatened a 30 percent tariff rate on the bloc of nations

EDINBURGH: Donald Trump is meeting Sunday with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, taking a break from golfing in Scotland to discuss trade as both sides seek an agreement on tariff rates now that the White House’s deadline to impose stiff tariff rates is looming.
Trump played golf Saturday at his course in Turnberry on the southwest coast of Scotland and is expected to hit the links again frequently during his five-day visit. On Tuesday, he’ll be in Aberdeen, in northeast Scotland, where his family has another golf course and is opening a third next month.
Trump and his son Eric are planning to help cut the ribbon on the new course, where public tee times starting Aug. 13 are already on offer.
The visit with von der Leyen is expected to be behind closed doors and few further details have been released.
Leaving the White House on Friday, Trump said “we have a 50-50 chance, maybe less than that, but a 50-50 chance of making a deal with the EU.” He said the deal would have to “buy down” the currently scheduled tariff rate of 30 percent on the bloc of 27 member states.
Later, von der Leyen posted on X that, “Following a good call” with Trump, the pair had ”agreed to meet in Scotland on Sunday to discuss transatlantic trade relations, and how we can keep them strong.”
The US and EU seemed close to reaching a deal earlier this month, but Trump instead threatened a 30 percent tariff rate on the bloc of nations. Still, Trump’s original deadline for beginning such tariffs has already passed, and is now delayed until at least Friday.
Flying to Scotland to enjoy his golf courses hasn’t stopped the president from talking trade.
After going to Turnberry to play nine holes, have lunch, then play nine more, Trump posted that he’d block any trade deals between the US and Cambodia and Thailand since the two southeast Asian countries remain locked in violent clashes in long-disputed border areas.
Trump wrote that he spoke with Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet and Phumtham Wechayachai, the acting prime minister of Thailand, to call for a ceasefire.
“I am trying to simplify a complex situation!” he wrote on Truth Social after disclosing his conversation with the Cambodian leader. After speaking with Wechayachai, Trump said both countries want peace and added: “Ceasefire, Peace, and Prosperity seems to be a natural.”
The actual likelihood of a deal with the EU, meanwhile, remains to be seen.
Trump recently said he thought the odds of reaching a framework with Japan was 25 percent — but the US and Japan subsequently announced an agreement this past week.
The president also bragged earlier in his term that he would leverage constant threats of steep US tariffs around the globe to negotiate better rates and shrink trade deficits with some of Washington’s key allies. But, so far, that effort has fallen well short of expectations, meaning the onus may be on Trump to be able to announce an agreement with a bloc as key to global commerce as the EU.
Trump is also set to meet Monday in Scotland with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, after the two announced a trade framework in May and a larger agreement last month during the G7 in Canada. Trump says that deal is concluded and that the pair will discuss other matters — though the White House has suggested it still needs some polishing.
Without an EU deal, the bloc said it was prepared to retaliate with tariffs on hundreds of American products, ranging from beef and auto parts to beer and Boeing airplanes.
If Trump follows through on his threat of tariffs against Europe, it could make everything from French cheese and Italian leather goods to German electronics and Spanish pharmaceuticals more expensive in the US


Thai-Cambodia border shelling continues despite Trump’s ceasefire call

Thai-Cambodia border shelling continues despite Trump’s ceasefire call
Updated 27 July 2025

Thai-Cambodia border shelling continues despite Trump’s ceasefire call

Thai-Cambodia border shelling continues despite Trump’s ceasefire call
  • The Thai army said Cambodia had fired shots into several areas, including near civilian homes, early on Sunday
  • Cambodia’s Defense Ministry said Thailand had shelled and launched ground assaults on Sunday morning at a number of points

SISAKET, Thailand: Cambodia and Thailand each said the other had launched artillery attacks across contested border areas early on Sunday, hours after US President Donald Trump said the leaders of both countries had agreed to work on a ceasefire.

Four days after the worst fighting in more than a decade broke out between the Southeast Asian neighbors, the death toll stood above 30, mainly civilians. More than 130,000 people have been evacuated from border areas in the two countries.

Cambodia’s Defense Ministry said Thailand had shelled and launched ground assaults on Sunday morning at a number of points, including in Phnom Kmoach, which borders Thailand’s coastal Trat province. The ministry’s spokesperson said heavy artillery was fired at temple complexes.

The Thai army said Cambodia had fired shots into several areas, including near civilian homes, early on Sunday. The governor of Surin said artillery shells had been fired into the province, damaging a house and killing some livestock.

In the Thai province of Sisaket, Reuters reporters heard shelling early on Sunday and said it was unclear which side of the border it was on.

“If there is a ceasefire, things will be better,” Sisaket resident Thavorn Toosawan said. “It’s great that America is insisting on the ceasefire because it would bring peace.”

Trump speaks to both leaders

Trump said on Saturday that he had spoken with the prime ministers of Thailand and Cambodia and they had agreed to meet immediately to quickly work out a ceasefire to end fighting that began on Thursday. Bangkok and Phnom Penh each say the other side started the hostilities.

“Both Parties are looking for an immediate Ceasefire and Peace,” Trump wrote on social media. Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet endorsed the call for the fighting to stop. “I made it clear to Honorable President Donald Trump that Cambodia agreed with the proposal for an immediate and unconditional ceasefire between the two armed forces,” Hun Manet posted on Facebook, noting he had also agreed to Malaysia’s earlier ceasefire proposal.

Thailand’s response was more qualified, as it had been with the proposal from Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, saying Cambodia needed to do more before talks could begin.

“I thanked President Trump for his concern and expressed that Thailand agrees in principle to have a ceasefire in place. However, Thailand would like to see sincere intention from the Cambodian side,” acting Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai said on Facebook.

The countries have faced off since the killing of a Cambodian soldier late in May during a brief skirmish. Troops on both sides of the border were reinforced amid a full-blown diplomatic crisis that brought Thailand’s fragile coalition government to the brink of collapse.

Thailand and Cambodia have bickered for decades over undemarcated points along their 817km land border, with ownership of the ancient Hindu temples Ta Moan Thom and the 11th century Preah Vihear central to the disputes.

Preah Vihear was awarded to Cambodia by the International Court of Justice in 1962, but tension escalated in 2008 after Cambodia attempted to list it as a UNESCO World Heritage site, and skirmishes over several years brought at least a dozen deaths.

Cambodia said in June it had asked the court to resolve its disputes with Thailand, which says it has never recognized the court’s jurisdiction and prefers a bilateral approach.


Jeju Air jet still had a working engine when it crashed, investigation update says

Jeju Air jet still had a working engine when it crashed, investigation update says
Updated 27 July 2025

Jeju Air jet still had a working engine when it crashed, investigation update says

Jeju Air jet still had a working engine when it crashed, investigation update says
  • The Boeing 737-800 belly-landed at Muan airport without its landing gear down, overshot the runway and erupted into a fireball after slamming into an embankment
  • Under global aviation rules, civil air investigations aim to discover crash causes without assigning blame or liability

SEOUL: A Jeju Air plane that crashed in December during an emergency landing after a bird strike could have kept flying on the damaged engine that was still working after pilots shut down the other one, according to an update from South Korean investigators.

The Boeing 737-800 instead belly-landed at Muan airport without its landing gear down, overshot the runway and erupted into a fireball after slamming into an embankment, killing all but two of the 181 people on board.

Investigators have not yet produced a final report into the deadliest air disaster on South Korean soil, but information about the plane’s two engines has begun to emerge.

According to a July 19 update prepared by investigators and seen by Reuters but not publicly released following complaints from victims’ family members, the left engine sustained less damage than the right following a bird strike, but the left engine was shut down 19 seconds after the bird strike.

The right engine experienced a “surge” and emitted flames and black smoke, but investigators said it “was confirmed to be generating output sufficient for flight,” in the five-page update, which included post-crash photos of both engines.

No reason for the crew’s actions was given and the probe is expected to last months as investigators reconstruct the plane’s technical state and the picture understood by its pilots.

Experts say most air accidents are caused by multiple factors and caution against putting too much weight on incomplete evidence.

More questions

So far, public attention has focused on the possibility that the crew may have shut down the less-damaged engine, rekindling memories of a 1989 Boeing 737-400 crash in Kegworth, England, where pilots shut down a non-damaged engine by mistake.

The disaster led to multiple changes in regulations including improvements in crew communication and emergency procedures.

A source told Reuters on Monday that the South Korea-led probe had “clear evidence” that pilots had shut off the less-damaged left engine after the bird strike, citing the cockpit voice recorder, computer data and a switch found in the wreckage.

But the latest update on the crash also raises the possibility that even the more heavily damaged engine that was still running could have kept the plane aloft for longer.

It did not say what level of performance the operating engine still had, nor what extra options that might have given to the plane’s emergency-focused crew before the jet doubled back and landed in the opposite direction of the runway from its initial plan with its landing gear up.

Both engines contained bird strike damage and both experienced engine vibrations after the strike. The right engine showed significant internal damage, the Korean-language update from South Korea’s Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board (ARAIB) said, but it did not describe the damage found in the left engine.

The update did not say how the left engine was operating nor the state of systems connected to either engine, said former US National Transportation Safety Board investigator Greg Feith when shown the document translated by Reuters.

It contains some new facts but omits far more, resulting in a “cryptic” document, he said.

ARAIB, which plans to issue a final report next June, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Safety experts say it is common for early reports to contain sparse facts and limited analysis while investigations continue.

A preliminary report released in January said feathers and blood stains from ducks were found in both engines.

The engines – made by CFM International, jointly owned by GE and France’s Safran – were examined in May and no defects or fault data were found beyond the bird and crash damage, the report said.

Families of those who died in the disaster were briefed on the engine findings but asked investigators not to release the July 19 report, saying that it appeared to apportion blame to the pilots without exploring other factors.

The report was withheld but Reuters and South Korean media obtained copies. Boeing and GE referred questions about the crash to ARAIB. Safran did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Jeju Air has previously said it is cooperating with ARAIB and is awaiting publication of the investigation.

Under global aviation rules, civil air investigations aim to discover crash causes without assigning blame or liability.

The Jeju Air pilots’ union said ARAIB was “misleading the public” by suggesting there was no problem with the left engine given that bird remains were found in both.

A source who attended the briefing told Reuters that investigators told family members the left engine also experienced a disruptive “surge,” citing black box data.

The pilot union and representatives of bereaved families have asked that evidence be released to support any findings.

Relatives say the investigation also needs to focus on the embankment containing navigation equipment, which safety experts have said likely contributed to the high death toll.

Global aviation standards call for any navigation equipment in line with runways to be installed on structures that easily give way in case of impact with an aircraft.

South Korea’s transport ministry has identified seven domestic airports, including Muan, with structures made of concrete or steel, rather than materials that break apart on impact and has said it will improve them.

Designs for the new structures are in progress, a ministry official said last week.


Russia starts first Moscow-Pyongyang passenger flights in decades

Russia starts first Moscow-Pyongyang passenger flights in decades
Updated 27 July 2025

Russia starts first Moscow-Pyongyang passenger flights in decades

Russia starts first Moscow-Pyongyang passenger flights in decades
  • The first flight will leave Sheremetyevo airport at 7 p.m. (1600 GMT), according to the airport’s timetable
  • The eight-hour flight will be operated by a Boeing 777-200ER with a capacity of 440 passengers

Russia will launch direct passenger flights from Moscow to North Korea’s capital Pyongyang on Sunday, Russian authorities said, as the two former communist bloc allies move to improve ties following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

The start of regular flights between the capitals for the first time since the mid-1990s, according to Russian aviation blogs, follows the resumption of Moscow-Pyongyang passenger rail service, a 10-day journey, in June.

The first flight will leave Sheremetyevo airport at 7 p.m. (1600 GMT), according to the airport’s timetable.

The eight-hour flight will be operated by a Boeing 777-200ER with a capacity of 440 passengers, Russia’s RIA state news agency said on Sunday. It said tickets started at 44,700 roubles ($563), and the first flight quickly sold out.

Russia’s civil aviation authority Rosaviatsia has granted Nordwind Airlines permission to operate flights between Moscow and Pyongyang twice a week. The transport ministry said in a statement that for now flights would operate once a month, “to help build stable demand.”

The only direct air route between Russia and North Korea has been flights by North Korean carrier Air Koryo to Vladivostok in Russia’s Far East three times a week.

Ukraine and its Western allies have accused North Korea of supplying Russia with artillery and ballistic missiles. Moscow and Pyongyang deny the allegations.

Pyongyang has deployed more than 10,000 troops and arms to Russia to back Moscow’s military campaign in Ukraine. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un said this month his country was ready to “unconditionally support” Moscow’s efforts to resolve the conflict in Ukraine.