黑料社区

Climate innovation can enhance nature-based solutions

Climate innovation can enhance nature-based solutions

Climate innovation can enhance nature-based solutions
Success will depend not only on the number of trees but on how effectively they are planted and maintained. (SGI photo)
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Success will depend not only on the number of trees but on how effectively they are planted, maintained, and measured. (SGI photo)

 

As 黑料社区 commits to planting 10 billion trees and rehabilitating 40 million hectares in the coming decades under the Saudi Green Initiative, success will depend not only on the number of trees but on how effectively they are planted, maintained, and measured.

Precision, ecosystem sustainability, and transparent monitoring are essential. Emerging climate technologies using artificial intelligence 鈥攕uch as satellite-based remote sensing and advanced carbon quantification platforms 鈥 offer transformative tools to enhance the effectiveness of nature-based solutions.

This will enable the Kingdom to deliver measurable results while advancing global climate adaptation aspirations.

Nature-based solutions, including afforestation, mangrove rehabilitation, and wetland restoration, can provide up to 37 percent of the cost-effective carbon mitigation required by 2030 to meet the Paris Agreement goals.

However, implementing nature-based solutions in 黑料社区鈥檚 hyper-arid environment presents unique challenges. Climate stressors such as extreme heat, saline soils, and water scarcity require data-driven approaches to ensure ecological suitability, long-term survival, and resilience.

Technologies such as light detection and ranging, or LIDAR, which use laser pulses to map terrain and vegetation in three dimensions, allow detailed analysis of canopy structure, soil degradation, and vegetation health.

When integrated with AI and hyperspectral imaging, these tools can identify optimal restoration sites, track survival rates, and verify carbon uptake in near real time.

Institutions such as the National Center for Vegetation Cover could use this technology to improve resource targeting and support digital monitoring, reporting, and verification systems for national and international carbon markets.

Globally, countries are successfully leveraging such technologies. Kenya鈥檚 Regreening Africa initiative employs drone imagery and AI to evaluate large-scale restoration efforts, using geospatial tools to monitor tens of thousands of hectares and significantly improve outcomes.

In Peru, satellite-based forest monitoring platforms enhance transparency and help prevent illegal deforestation in Amazonian restoration zones. These examples offer replicable models that 黑料社区 can adapt and scale.

The economic rationale is equally compelling. The social cost of carbon, reflecting the economic damage from each additional tonne of CO2 emitted, can reach as high as $185 per tonne depending on the applied discount rate and modeling assumptions, according to estimates reported in 2022 by Kevin Rennert and fellow researchers in the journal Nature.

In contrast, the cost of restoring mangroves to sequester carbon has been estimated to range from $4.50 to $18 per tonne of CO2, depending on site-specific factors and carbon recovery assumptions, while delivering additional benefits such as coastal protection, biodiversity enhancement, and improved fisheries.

In a country where approximately one third of the population resides along the coast, restoring mangroves and wetlands becomes a dual-purpose strategy that combines mitigation with adaptation.

Technology also reduces the risk of maladaptation, where restoration efforts fail due to poor species selection or lack of climate-fit design.

Applying frameworks like dynamic adaptive policy pathways can help Saudi policymakers sequence restoration phases under uncertainty and adjust plans based on feedback and risk thresholds.

Even the most advanced tools will fall short without the trust, knowledge, and participation of those most affected by environmental change.

Adnan Masoudy & Hassan Alzain

Co-developing projects with local communities and scientists ensures financial stability and long-term social resilience.

Adaptation finance remains critically underfunded. The Adaptation Gap Report 2024 estimates that the financing needed is between $231 and $416 billion per year, up from previous estimates of $194 to $366 billion, reflecting rising global costs and urgent adaptation needs.

To fully realize this potential, 黑料社区 should prioritize advancing three strategic steps.

First, launch a national open-access geospatial dashboard that integrates LIDAR, AI, and remote sensing data to track nature-based solutions progress nationwide.

Second, engage more deeply with global platforms such as the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, the Global Mangrove Alliance, and the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility to exchange technical knowledge and obtain access to climate finance.

Third, establish a climate and nature tech innovation hub in collaboration with local universities to pilot and localize nature-based solutions, monitoring solutions tailored for drylands, while accelerating the development and deployment of new climate and nature-based startups in the region.

As Princess Reema bint Bandar Al-Saud, the Kingdom鈥檚 ambassador to the US, eloquently stated on SGI Day 2025: 鈥淭he future is not something that comes at us; it鈥檚 something we create ... Climate action is not a dream 鈥 it is a reality we are building together.鈥

Her words capture the spirit of SGI as not just a national strategy, but a movement defined by momentum, measurable action, and collective resolve.

That momentum is already visible. As of 2024, 黑料社区 has planted over 115 million trees and restored 118,000 hectares of degraded land 鈥 a significant leap from where the journey began just a few years ago.

These achievements demonstrate that bold climate pledges are being converted into tangible, large-scale outcomes on the ground.

But technology and investment alone are not enough.

As explained by Robert Klee, senior lecturer and managing director of clean energy programs at the Yale Center for Business and the Environment: 鈥淣ature-based solutions can be empowered by technology, but must be governed by people 鈥 especially those most vulnerable to climate risks.

鈥淚t is in aligning science, justice, and local knowledge that real climate progress takes root.鈥

This insight points to a deeper truth: meaningful climate progress depends as much on governance and inclusion as it does on innovation.

Even the most advanced tools will fall short without the trust, knowledge, and participation of those most affected by environmental change.

Within the SGI framework, embedding local leadership and equity into restoration design can elevate both the impact and legitimacy of nature-based solutions across 黑料社区鈥檚 diverse landscapes.

By fusing nature and innovation, and engaging local communities in the development and deployment of nature-based solutions, 黑料社区 can transform its drylands into living laboratories of climate resilience.

The SGI offers more than a greening strategy. With smart climate technologies, it can become a global model for how climate ambition, ecological science, cutting-edge tools, and social support converge to drive meaningful environmental transformation in the decades to come.

Adnan Masoudy is manager of corporate sustainability, environment, and biodiversity at Ma鈥檃den and Hassan Alzain is author of the award-winning book 鈥淕reen Gambit.鈥

 

Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not necessarily reflect Arab News' point of view

Israel鈥檚 daily pauses fall short of easing Gaza suffering: UK

Israel鈥檚 daily pauses fall short of easing Gaza suffering: UK
Updated 15 min 9 sec ago

Israel鈥檚 daily pauses fall short of easing Gaza suffering: UK

Israel鈥檚 daily pauses fall short of easing Gaza suffering: UK
  • Food airdropped over besieged territory
  • 38 Palestinians, 3 Israeli soldiers killed

LONDON, GAZA: Israel鈥檚 decision on Sunday to pause military operations for 10 hours a day in parts of Gaza and allow new aid corridors falls short of what is needed to alleviate suffering in the enclave, Britain鈥檚 Foreign Secretary David Lammy said.

Lammy said in a statement that Israel鈥檚 announcement was 鈥渆ssential but long overdue,鈥 and that access to aid must now be urgently accelerated over the coming hours and days.
鈥淭his announcement alone cannot alleviate the needs of those desperately suffering in Gaza,鈥 Lammy said. 鈥淲e need a ceasefire that can end the war, for hostages to be released and aid to enter Gaza by land unhindered.鈥 

FASTFACT

Lammy said that access to aid must now be urgently accelerated over the coming hours and days.

The Israeli military said the 鈥渢actical pause鈥 in Gaza City, Deir Al-Balah and Muwasi, three areas with large populations, would increase humanitarian aid entering the territory. The pause runs from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. daily until further notice.
Jordan said it carried out three airdrops over Gaza, including one in cooperation with the UAE, dropping 25 tonnes of food and supplies on several locations.
鈥淲hichever path we choose, we will have to continue to allow the entry of minimal humanitarian supplies,鈥 Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said in a statement.
Despite the annouoncement of temporary pauses, Israeli strikes killed at least 38 Palestinians from late Saturday into Sunday, including 23 seeking aid. 
An airstrike on a Gaza City apartment killed a woman and her four children. Another strike killed four people, including a boy, his mother and grandfather, in the eastern Zaytoun neighborhood.
US President Donald Trump said Israel would have to make a decision on next steps in Gaza, adding that he did not know what would happen after moves by Israel to pull out of ceasefire and hostage-release negotiations with the Hamas militant group.
Trump underscored the importance of securing the release of hostages held by Hamas in Gaza, saying they had suddenly 鈥渉ardened鈥 up on the issue.
鈥淭hey don鈥檛 want to give them back, and so Israel is going to have to make a decision,鈥 Trump told reporters at the start of a meeting with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen at his golf property in Turnberry, Scotland.
Two Israeli soldiers were killed in combat in southern Gaza on Sunday, the military said, a day after confirming another soldier had died of wounds sustained last week.
The two soldiers, aged 20 and 22, served in the Golani Infantry Brigade鈥檚 51st Battalion.
Israeli military sources said they were killed when their armored vehicle exploded in the city of Khan Yunis.

 


Two Palestinian families in Jerusalem self-demolish their homes to avoid Israeli fines

Two Palestinian families in Jerusalem self-demolish their homes to avoid Israeli fines
Updated 19 min 38 sec ago

Two Palestinian families in Jerusalem self-demolish their homes to avoid Israeli fines

Two Palestinian families in Jerusalem self-demolish their homes to avoid Israeli fines
  • Israel denies building permits to Palestinians in Jerusalem in most cases, while it carries out planned expansion of Jewish settlements in the city
  • In the case that Israeli authorities carry out the destruction, the families will be required to pay for the cost of the demolition, which could vary and may total hundreds of thousands of Shekels

LONDON: Two Palestinian families in occupied East Jerusalem have self-demolished their homes to avoid steep financial penalties imposed by the Israeli municipality for building without a permit on Sunday.

Israel denies building permits to Palestinians in Jerusalem in most cases, while it carries out planned expansion of Jewish settlements in the city and the occupied West Bank.

From 1991 to 2018, Israeli authorities approved only 16.5 percent of building permits in Palestinian neighborhoods, while the remaining permits were issued for Israeli neighborhoods in West Jerusalem and settlements, according to the organization Peace Now.

The Palestinian Authority鈥檚 Jerusalem Governorate said that the Quraan family was forced to demolish their home in the Jabal al-Mukabbir neighborhood on Sunday. Meanwhile, the Halawanis also demolished their residential building, comprising six housing units, in Beit Hanina, located north of Jerusalem. As a result, around 30 individuals, including children, have been left without homes.

In the case that Israeli authorities carry out the destruction, the families will be required to pay for the cost of the demolition, which could vary and may total hundreds of thousands of Shekels.

The Jerusalem Governorate said that this is part of an Israeli 鈥渟ystematic policy of displacing鈥 Palestinians from the city.

鈥淧alestinian families in occupied Jerusalem are frequently denied building permits by Israeli authorities, leaving many with no legal option but to build without authorization,鈥 it added.

Human Rights Watch and other groups have criticized Israel鈥檚 home demolition policy in Jerusalem as 鈥渄iscriminatory.鈥

Since Israel attacked Gaza in October 2023, authorities in Jerusalem have demolished 623 houses and other commercial facilities belonging to dozens of Palestinian families.


35 killed in rebel attack in northeast DR Congo

35 killed in rebel attack in northeast  DR Congo
Updated 29 min 1 sec ago

35 killed in rebel attack in northeast DR Congo

35 killed in rebel attack in northeast  DR Congo
  • The last major attack by the ADF was in February, leaving 23 dead in Mambasa territory

BUNIA: At least 35 people were killed Sunday in an attack by Allied Democratic Forces rebels in northeastern DR Congo, ending a months-long period of regional calm, local sources said.
The rebels, originally formed from former Ugandan fighters and which pledged allegiance to Daesh in 2019, raided a Catholic church in the town of Komanda where worshippers were gathered for prayer, residents said.
鈥淲e heard gunfire near the parish church ... so far we have seen 35 bodies,鈥 Dieudonne Katanabo, an Umoja neighborhood elder, said.
鈥淲e have at least 31 dead members of the Eucharistic Crusade movement, with six seriously injured ... some young people were kidnapped, we have no news of them,鈥 Father Aime Lokana Dhego, parish priest of the Blessed Anuarite parish of Komanda, said.
The priest added that seven other bodies had been discovered in the town.
Christophe Munyanderu, coordinator of the local NGO Convention for the Respect of Human Rights, gave a provisional death toll of 38.
Lt. Jules Ngongo, army spokesman in Ituri, confirmed the attack, stating that 鈥渢he enemy is believed to have been identified among ADF鈥 rebels.
The bloodshed comes after months of calm in the region of Ituri, bordering Uganda.
The last major attack by the ADF was in February, leaving 23 dead in Mambasa territory.

The town of Komanda in Irumu territory is a commercial hub linking three other provinces 鈥 Tshopo, North Kivu, and Maniema.
The ADF, originally Ugandan rebels, has killed thousands of civilians and ramped up looting and killing in northeastern DRC despite the deployment both of the Ugandan army alongside Congolese armed forces in the area.
At the end of 2021, Kampala and Kinshasa launched a joint military operation against the ADF, which has so far been unable to dislodge the group.

 


Thai and Cambodian leaders to meet in Malaysia for talks to end deadly border dispute

Thai and Cambodian leaders to meet in Malaysia for talks to end deadly border dispute
Updated 29 min 10 sec ago

Thai and Cambodian leaders to meet in Malaysia for talks to end deadly border dispute

Thai and Cambodian leaders to meet in Malaysia for talks to end deadly border dispute
  • Malaysian PM Anwar Ibrahim invited leaders of the two feuding ASEAN members to a dialogue to resolve their dispute
  • Earlier, President Trump warned that the hostilities could hamper implementation of US trade pacts with either country

BANGKOK: Thai and Cambodian leaders will meet in Malaysia for talks to end hostilities, a spokesperson for the Thai prime minister鈥檚 office said Sunday. This comes following pressure from US President Donald Trump to end a deadly border dispute, now in its fourth day, which has killed at least 35 people and displaced more than 218,000.
Jirayu Huangsap said Acting Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai will attend Monday鈥檚 talks in response to an invitation from Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim 鈥渢o discuss peace efforts in the region.鈥 Anwar has been acting in his capacity as this year鈥檚 chair of the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet late Sunday night on several social media platforms confirmed his participation as well.
鈥淚 will lead (the) Cambodian delegation to attend a special meeting in Kuala Lumpur hosted by Malaysia, co-organized by the United States and with participation of China,鈥 he said. China is a close ally of Cambodia, and had early in the fighting urged the two nations to resolve their differences peacefully, but Hun Manet鈥檚 statement appeared to be the first mentioning a Chinese link to Monday鈥檚 planned talks.
Trump posted on the Truth Social social network Saturday that he spoke to the leaders of Thailand and Cambodia and suggested he would not move forward with trade agreements with either country if the hostilities continued. He later said both sides agreed to meet to negotiate a ceasefire.
Both sides agree to discuss a ceasefire
Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet said earlier Sunday his country agreed to pursue an 鈥渋mmediate and unconditional ceasefire.鈥 He said Trump told him that Thailand had also agreed to halt attacks following the US president鈥檚 conversation with Phumtham.
Phumtham thanked Trump and qualified Thailand鈥檚 position, saying it agreed in principle to a ceasefire but stressed the need for 鈥渟incere intention鈥 from Cambodia, the Thai Foreign Ministry said.
US State Department spokesperson Tammy Bruce on Sunday said Secretary of State Marco Rubio had spoken with the foreign ministers of both Thailand and Cambodia urging them 鈥渢o de-escalate tensions immediately and agree to a ceasefire.鈥
Her statement added that the US 鈥渋s prepared to facilitate future discussions in order to ensure peace and stability鈥 between the two countries.
Each side blames the other for the clashes
The fighting flared Thursday after a land mine explosion along the border wounded five Thai soldiers. Both sides blamed each other for starting the clashes. Both countries recalled their ambassadors and Thailand closed its border crossings with Cambodia, with an exception for migrant Cambodian workers returning home.
Despite the diplomatic efforts, fighting continued Sunday along parts of the contested border, with both sides refusing to budge and trading blame over renewed shelling and troop movements.
Col. Richa Suksowanont, a Thai army deputy spokesperson, said Cambodian forces fired heavy artillery into Surin province, including at civilian homes, early Sunday. He said Cambodia also launched rocket attacks targeting the ancient Ta Muen Thom temple, claimed by both countries, and other areas in a bid to reclaim territory secured by Thai troops. Thai forces responded with long-range artillery to strike Cambodian artillery and rocket launchers.
Battlefield operations will continue and a ceasefire can only happen if Cambodia formally initiates negotiations, he added.
鈥淐ambodian attacks remain irregular and may constitute violations of rules of engagement, posing further risk to border communities,鈥 said the Thai military鈥檚 daily summary of the fighting issued Sunday night.
鈥淭he situation remains highly tense, and it is anticipated that Cambodia may be preparing for a major military operation prior to entering negotiations,鈥 it said.
Cambodian Defense Ministry spokesperson Lt. Gen. Maly Socheata accused Thai forces of escalating the violence with bombardment of Cambodian territory early Sunday, followed by a 鈥渓arge-scale incursion鈥 involving tanks and ground troops in multiple areas.
鈥淪uch actions undermine all efforts toward peaceful resolution and expose Thailand鈥檚 clear intent to escalate rather than de-escalate the conflict,鈥 she said.
Thailand on Sunday reported a new death of a soldier, bringing its total number of fatalities to 22, mostly civilians. Cambodia said 13 people have been killed, though it was unclear if that included Lt. Gen. Duong Samnieng, whose death in combat was announced Sunday.
More than 139,000 people in Thailand have evacuated to safe locations and over 79,000 people fled from three Cambodian provinces. Many border villages are mostly deserted, with many schools and hospitals shut.
Evacuees hope for a swift end to the fighting
Pichayut Surasit, an air-conditioning technician in Thailand, said the sudden outbreak of fighting meant leaving his work in Bangkok to return home to protect his family.
鈥淚 didn鈥檛 have the heart to continue with my work when I heard the news. I wanted to come back as soon as possible, but I had to wait until the evening,鈥 he said. Now at a shelter in Surin housing some 6,000 evacuees, Pichayut worries for his wife and twin daughters, hoping the conflict will end soon so they can return to their home in Kap Choeng district, one of the hardest hit by shelling.
Bualee Chanduang, a local vendor who moved to the same shelter Thursday with her family and pet rabbit, is counting on swift negotiations to end the violence. 鈥淚 pray for God to help so that both sides can agree to talk and end this war,鈥 she said.
At the Vatican, Pope Leo XIV said he was praying for all those affected by war in the world, including 鈥渇or those affected by the clashes on the border between Thailand and Cambodia, especially the children and displaced families.鈥
The 800-kilometer (500-mile) frontier between Thailand and Cambodia has been disputed for decades, but past confrontations have been limited and brief. The latest tensions erupted in May when a Cambodian soldier was killed in a confrontation that created a diplomatic rift and roiled Thailand鈥檚 domestic politics.


Sudan鈥檚 paramilitaries launch parallel govt, deepening the crisis

Sudan鈥檚 paramilitaries launch parallel govt, deepening the crisis
Updated 37 min 58 sec ago

Sudan鈥檚 paramilitaries launch parallel govt, deepening the crisis

Sudan鈥檚 paramilitaries launch parallel govt, deepening the crisis
  • The RSF grew out of the notorious Janjaweed militias, mobilized two decades ago by then-President Omar Bashir against populations that identify as Central or East African in Darfur

CAIRO: A paramilitary group and its allies in Sudan said they formed a parallel government in areas under the group鈥檚 control, which are located mainly in the western region of Darfur where allegations of war crimes and crimes against humanity are being investigated.
The move was likely to deepen the crisis in Sudan, which plunged into chaos when tensions between the country鈥檚 military and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, or RSF, exploded into fighting in April 2023 in the capital, Khartoum and elsewhere in the country.
The RSF-led Tasis Alliance appointed Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, the commander of the paramilitary group, as head of the sovereign council in the new administration. The 15-member council serves as head of the state.
The RSF grew out of the notorious Janjaweed militias, mobilized two decades ago by then-President Omar Bashir against populations that identify as Central or East African in Darfur. The Janjaweed were accused of mass killings, rapes and 
other atrocities.
In the current war, the RSF has been accused of numerous atrocities. The Biden administration slapped Dagalo with sanctions, saying the RSF and its proxies were committing genocide. The RSF has denied committing genocide.
The alliance spokesman Alaa Al-Din Naqd announced the new administration in a video statement from the Darfur city of Nyala, which is controlled by the RSF and its allied Janjaweed.
Mohammed Hassan Al-Taishi, a civilian politician who was a member of a military-civilian sovereign council that ruled Sudan following the 2019 overthrow of Al-Bashir, was named as prime minister in the RSF-controlled government.

Rebel leader Abdelaziz Al-Hilu, who commands the Sudan People鈥檚 Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) which is active in the southern Kodrofan region, was appointed as Dagalo鈥檚 deputy in the council. The SPLM-N is a breakaway faction of the SPLM, the ruling party of neighboring South Sudan.
The announcement came five months after the RSF and its allies signed a charter in February in Kenya鈥檚 capital, Nairobi, with the aim of establishing a parallel government in RSF-controlled areas.
At the time, many countries, including the US, rejected the RSF efforts and condemned the signing by the paramilitary group and its allies of what they called 鈥渢ransitional constitution鈥 in the Kenya-hosted conference.
The Foreign Ministry of the internationally recognized government in Khartoum condemned the announcement in a statement. It called it a 鈥渇ake government鈥 and urged the international community to not engage with the RSF-led administration.
The RSF-led move was likely to deepen the division in Sudan. Yasir Arman, a rebel leader, said the move is likely to prolong the conflict and divide Sudan between two rival administrations.