DUBAI: National Geographic’s latest documentary “Lost Treasures of Arabia: The Nabataean Kingdom” — available to stream on Disney+ from Aug. 29 — puts the spotlight on one of the ancient world’s most innovative and mysterious desert civilizations.
From the sandstone facades of Petra, Jordan, and the tombs of Hegra in , the documentary investigates how the Nabataeans defied nature and time by mastering desert trade routes, engineering complex water systems, and developing an urban culture so advanced it rivalled the greatest empires of their time.
Saudi archaeologist Dr. Dhaifallah Altalhi, dean emeritus of arts, University of Hail, , and former co-director of the Mada’in Salih Archaeological Project, who worked on the project, spoke with Arab News about why the Nabataeans continue to fascinate scholars and the public alike.
“I think the Nabataean is a great story. It’s a kingdom which flourished in the northwest of Arabia from the fourth century BC to the first century AD,” he said. “Besides the magnificent tombs and other archaeological artifacts, I think the Nabataeans also were great in their society. The women in this community had the right to ownership. They owned their own tombs. They had their own money. And the queen was also represented on coins beside the king.”
What most impressed him, however, was their resourcefulness in a harsh environment. “Their ability to control their very limited water resources, this was magnificent. They dug wells, and they brought water from very far distances, some of the water reservoirs and aqueducts … bringing the water from about 12 kilometers far, which is a great distance.”
The Nabataeans were equally influential in trade. “They also transported goods for others. And they started commercial centers. Those commercial centers turned into villages sometimes, and that grows until it reached cities, and they were imposing tax on the imported goods,” he explained.
Their cultural impact extended far beyond Arabia. “It is amazing that we have found some inscriptions, Nabataean inscriptions, in Italy … in Egypt, in Yemen to the south,” Dr. Diafallah said. “Of course, the Nabataeans in turn were influenced by Greek architecture … especially the tombs. They were influenced also by other deities and their religions from the Greek influence.”
Among discoveries at Hegra, one inscription stood out. “It was written around 175 AD, and it talks about the restoration of the old fence which was surrounding Madain Saleh … this inscription has added to our knowledge about Hegra,” he said.