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Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities

Special Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities
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A treasure trove of rare manuscripts, drawings and photographs at Al-Makkatain Museum is giving visitors an unprecedented view of Makkah and Madinah through the centuries. (Supplied)
Special Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities
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A treasure trove of rare manuscripts, drawings and photographs at Al-Makkatain Museum is giving visitors an unprecedented view of Makkah and Madinah through the centuries. (Supplied)
Special Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities
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A treasure trove of rare manuscripts, drawings and photographs at Al-Makkatain Museum is giving visitors an unprecedented view of Makkah and Madinah through the centuries. (Supplied)
Special Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities
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A treasure trove of rare manuscripts, drawings and photographs at Al-Makkatain Museum is giving visitors an unprecedented view of Makkah and Madinah through the centuries. (Supplied)
Special Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities
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A treasure trove of rare manuscripts, drawings and photographs at Al-Makkatain Museum is giving visitors an unprecedented view of Makkah and Madinah through the centuries. (Supplied)
Special Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities
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A treasure trove of rare manuscripts, drawings and photographs at Al-Makkatain Museum is giving visitors an unprecedented view of Makkah and Madinah through the centuries. (Supplied)
Special Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities
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A treasure trove of rare manuscripts, drawings and photographs at Al-Makkatain Museum is giving visitors an unprecedented view of Makkah and Madinah through the centuries. (Supplied)
Special Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities
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A treasure trove of rare manuscripts, drawings and photographs at Al-Makkatain Museum is giving visitors an unprecedented view of Makkah and Madinah through the centuries. (Supplied)
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Updated 3 min 54 sec ago

Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities

Al-Makkatain Museum preserves visual history of holy cities
  • Jeddah museum traces spiritual, architectural evolution through art, photography 
  • Al-Makkatain is showcasing 200 rare photographs taken between the late 1800s and mid-1900s

JEDDAH: A treasure trove of rare manuscripts, drawings and photographs at Al-Makkatain Museum is giving visitors an unprecedented view of Makkah and Madinah through the centuries.

Founded by Anas bin Saleh Serafi through the Al-Midad Foundation for Heritage, Culture and Arts, the museum opened in April 2022, to coincide with International Heritage Day.

Located within a 10,000-square-meter space at Jeddah Park Mall, it places culture at the heart of community life and national identity.

In an interview with Arab News, Mohammed Al-Kurbi, general supervisor of the foundation, said the museum’s mission was “to raise both local and global awareness of the exceptional spiritual and cultural significance of the Holy Cities in the collective memory of Muslims and humanity.”

A collection spanning five centuries

Al-Makkatain houses more than 500 original works, including 300 manuscripts, illustrations and prints from the 16th to 19th centuries, and 200 rare photographs taken between the late 1800s and mid-1900s. Together they form a visual archive that preserves the evolving memory of the Two Holy Mosques.

“The museum displays rare books authored by Orientalists, historians and explorers, making it a rich intellectual platform that narrates the story of the Holy Cities through a compelling visual lens,” Al-Kurbi said.

The museum’s name comes from the Arabic dual form “Al-Makkatain,” much like “Al-Abawain” for “parents” or “Al-Qamarain” for “the sun and moon.”

The permanent collection includes a rare manuscript of “Dala’il al-Khayrat” by Imam al-Jazuli, gifted to Serafi, and personal belongings of his father, Sheikh Saleh Hamza Serafi, displayed in a section titled “The Journey of Struggle and Achievement.”

Another wing, Al-Zuhra Museum, features traditional attire and jewelry donated by Serafi’s wife, Zuhra Qattan.

Other notable works include a manuscript of “Kharidat al-‘Aja’ib wa Faridat al-Ghara’ib” by Siraj al-Din ibn Al-Wardi (dated 1007 AH), with one of the earliest known hand-drawn illustrations of the Holy Kaaba.

A detailed schematic of the Grand Mosque dated 1287 AH is also displayed.

Three galleries, one story

The museum is arranged in three chronological galleries:

Pre-Camera Art (1550–1880): Early renderings of the Grand Mosque, the Prophet’s Mosque and sacred sites by Muslim and European artists. The oldest depiction is a 16th-century drawing of Makkah by German cartographer Sebastian Munster.

There are contributors from famous Muslim artists like Faqir Hafiz Khuda Bakhsh and European illustrators such as Alain Manesson Mallet and Jean-Baptiste Claude Delisle from France and Bernard Picart of the Netherlands.

Early Photographers (1880–1920): Rare images by pioneers such as Egyptian officer Mohammad Sadiq Bey, Abdul Ghaffar Baghdadi and Dutch Orientalist Snouck Hurgronje, among others. The museum’s oldest known photograph dates to 1880, taken by Bey.

The Golden Age of Photography (1920–present): Saudi photographers, including the Bushnaq family and Shafiq Arab Garli, documented the rapid changes in the holy sites. Works by Mohammad Helmy, commissioned in 1947 to photograph the Two Holy Mosques, mark a turning point in the archive. The gallery traces the advent of color photography and transformations during the early Saudi era. The most recent acquisition is a black-and-white photograph of the Grand Mosque by Princess Reem bint Mohammed bin Faisal Al-Saud.

“Through this chronological sequencing, the museum offers visitors a unique experience that brings together art, history and visual storytelling— demonstrating how global perspectives on the Holy Mosques have evolved,” Al-Kurbi said.

Preserving memory, shaping understanding

The museum highlights both the artistry and limitations of pre-photographic depictions and contrasts them with the accuracy of photographs, which arrived in the 19th century.

Exhibits include copperplate engravings, early prints, stereographs and glass slides once used in “magic lantern” projections.

“Makkah and Madinah were long isolated from the reach of photographers due to several factors,” Al-Kurbi said.

“Most notably, the prohibition of non-Muslims from entering Makkah, as well as the technical limitations of early photographic equipment. Additionally, the region’s harsh geographic and climatic conditions, coupled with security challenges and the local population’s wariness of outsiders, made visual documentation a significant challenge.”

By juxtaposing early artistic imagination with photographic realism, the museum not only preserves images but also illustrates the evolution of documentation itself.

“In doing so, the museum becomes a dynamic cultural and educational space that inspires visitors and deepens their understanding of how imagery has been captured and conveyed through the ages,” Al-Kurbi said.

A space for all generations

For many elderly visitors, the museum rekindles memories of how the Holy Mosques once looked

Mohammed Al-Zahrany, 65, who discovered the museum by chance while shopping with his family, described how the experience evoked deep nostalgia and reflection on the social and architectural transformations that had taken place.

Younger visitors are also struck by the dramatic changes illustrated in the drawings and photographs.

“The exhibits introduce a visual history,” said 19-year-old Samah Ahmad. “It enriched my understanding of the sacred sites and deepened their historical and spiritual significance.”

The museum also serves as a valuable resource for researchers, historians and students, offering a rare archive for studying how Makkah and Madinah have been represented and reimagined over centuries.

For Al-Makkatain, the goal is not only preservation, but linking the past and present through images that continue to resonate with Saudis and Muslims around the world.


Al-Qazoou’i dance reflects spirit of Saudi folklore

Al-Qazoou’i dance reflects spirit of Saudi folklore
Updated 26 min 51 sec ago

Al-Qazoou’i dance reflects spirit of Saudi folklore

Al-Qazoou’i dance reflects spirit of Saudi folklore
  • Performed without musical instruments, Al-Qazoou’i relies on the interaction between poets and dancers
  • Participants line up in two opposing rows as one or more poets stand in the center, leading the performance

RIYADH: The Al-Qazoou’i dance, a traditional war dance from șÚÁÏÉçÇű’s Asir region, is known for its powerful rhythm of voices and synchronized footwork, the Saudi Press Agency reported on Monday.

Performed without musical instruments, Al-Qazoou’i relies on the interaction between poets and dancers. Participants line up in two opposing rows as one or more poets stand in the center, leading the performance.

The poets deliver verses to one side, then cross to repeat them to the other. The recitation culminates in a unified chorus, filling the performance space with a striking display of rhythm and unity.

Once rooted in battle traditions, the dance today preserves the heroic spirit of its origins while resonating with modern audiences.

Its cultural significance is highlighted in a Saudi Ministry of Culture report published this year, “The Art of Muhawarah in the Kingdom: A Study of the History of the Practice and Current Reality.”

The study emphasizes the Arabian Peninsula’s rich poetic and performance traditions, identifying Al-Qazoou’i alongside other heritage dances such as Al-Ardah, Al-Samri, Al-Dahah, Al-Khatwah, Al-Zamil, and Al-Khabayti.

The report also links these performance arts to the flourishing of Muhawarah, or poetic dialogue, across Saudi society.

Over the past four decades, Muhawarah festivals have drawn poets and performers from across the Kingdom, sustaining the tradition through live performances, recordings, and financial support.

These gatherings, the ministry notes, have ensured that heritage dances like Al-Qazoou’i remain not only preserved but celebrated, strengthening their role in shaping șÚÁÏÉçÇű’s cultural landscape.

Decoder


Exploring food, faith and culture at Museum of Islamic Art’s ‘A Seat at the Table’ exhibition

Exploring food, faith and culture at Museum of Islamic Art’s ‘A Seat at the Table’ exhibition
Updated 18 August 2025

Exploring food, faith and culture at Museum of Islamic Art’s ‘A Seat at the Table’ exhibition

Exploring food, faith and culture at Museum of Islamic Art’s ‘A Seat at the Table’ exhibition
  • Over 100 items showcase food, feasting in Islamic world
  • Utensils, manuscripts, ceramics and textiles are on display

DUBAI: The Museum of Islamic Art’s new exhibition, “A Seat at the Table: Food and Feasting in the Islamic World,” developed in collaboration with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, explores how food connects people across cultures and faiths.

Organized into five thematic sections, the Doha exhibition examines different aspects of culinary traditions in Islamic culture, from preparation and presentation to their role in rituals, celebrations and daily life.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

On display are over 100 items from the Museum of Islamic Art’s collection, along with select loans from other Qatar Museums institutions and the Qatar National Library. These include lavish serving vessels, cooking tools, manuscripts, ceramics and textiles.

“The original idea for the exhibition came from LACMA, which Qatar Museums has an official partnership with,” Tara Desjardins, senior curator of decorative arts and design at Lusail Museum, said recently.

“Their senior curator of Islamic art, Linda Komaroff, was already preparing an exhibition called ‘Dining with the Sultan’ (2023) that she wanted MIA to collaborate on and/or host as a potential venue.”

“However, when we began discussions in 2020, it became apparent that we needed to have a different storyline to hers, one that spoke to our local audience and promoted our rich collections here in Qatar,” she added.

Desjardins explained that food offers a unique lens through which to understand shared traditions across the Islamic world.

“Food is a universal topic that has the power to cross boundaries and unite cultures and communities,” she said.

“Despite this breadth and diversity, fundamental practices and beliefs rooted in religious traditions connect all Muslims, irrespective of location or culture.”

The exhibition includes videos of chefs preparing dishes. “The contemporary chefs intend to bring a real-life aspect to the exhibition and to highlight the importance of chefs,” Desjardins said.

While researching, she was struck by common threads. “What was perhaps more surprising is how similar culinary traditions are, and how easily ingredients, dishes, and gastronomy have travelled through time and space,” she said.
 


Khaled Esguerra transforms street aesthetics at Ishara Art Foundation

Khaled Esguerra transforms street aesthetics at Ishara Art Foundation
Updated 17 August 2025

Khaled Esguerra transforms street aesthetics at Ishara Art Foundation

Khaled Esguerra transforms street aesthetics at Ishara Art Foundation

DUBAI: Abu Dhabi-born artist Khaled Esguerra brings a bold, participatory installation to the UAE’s Ishara Art Foundation’s “No Trespassing.” The summer exhibition, which runs until Aug. 30, brings together six UAE-based and South Asian artists.

The show explores boundaries, physical, cultural and institutional, through the lens of street art aesthetics recontextualized within the gallery’s white cube space. Esguerra, whose work spans photography, sculpture and performance, is known for examining the shifting identity of Abu Dhabi through the lens of its architecture, language and everyday textures.

With more than 800 sheets of carbon paper glued to copier paper, Esguerra’s largest work to date invites viewers to break the unspoken rules of gallery etiquette by walking across the art itself.

“Well, for one, there’s no way to interact with my work without literally trespassing into the space,” he told Arab News.

“Visitors tend to imagine this invisible barrier between themselves and the work 
 but the work confronts them as soon as they stumble upon the entrance of the room.”

The installation uses found materials, often seen in informal city advertisements, to convey the atmosphere of the streets. “Being faithful to the medium was important to me,” Esguerra said. “But more than the medium, I wanted to convey the atmosphere of the streets 
 I loved it!”

Beneath layers of carbon paper, words like “heritage,” “legacy” and “authentic” emerge, asking viewers to reflect on what these terms mean in the context of redevelopment.

“The work is really a critique on redevelopment schemes 
 by revealing (these) words 
 I wanted them to be confronted by this vocabulary and question their role in these manufactured changes in historic neighborhoods.”

Reflecting on the communal nature of the installation, he added: “It took a village and a half to develop this piece 
 it made me realize that as solitary and personal as my practice can be, it always was and will continue to be pushed by community.”


From street to gallery: Fathima Mohiuddin reimagines space in Ishara’s ‘No Trespassing’

From street to gallery: Fathima Mohiuddin reimagines space in Ishara’s ‘No Trespassing’
Updated 16 August 2025

From street to gallery: Fathima Mohiuddin reimagines space in Ishara’s ‘No Trespassing’

From street to gallery: Fathima Mohiuddin reimagines space in Ishara’s ‘No Trespassing’

DUBAI: Dubai-born artist Fathima Mohiuddin, known as Fatspatrol, is one of six featured artists in “No Trespassing,” a summer exhibition at Dubai’s Ishara Art Foundation.

The show, which runs until Aug. 30, explores boundaries — physical, cultural, and institutional — through the lens of street art aesthetics recontextualized within the gallery’s white cube space.

“I’m not typically a gallery exhibiting artist,” Mohiuddin told Arab News. “I’ve spent a good part of my career as an artist and curator in street art because the urban art space has just felt like a more comfortable place for me.”

Fatspatrol, ‘The World Out There,’ 2025. (Supplied)

Mohiuddin, who recently returned to the UAE after seven years abroad, added: “I’m really glad to have landed right here in this show.”

Her work, titled “The World Out There,” explores the tension between personal identity and the outside world.

“Boundaries and restrictions have been a big part of not just my work but of things I’ve had to navigate in my life,” she said. “My work is very much about mark-making 
 to say, ‘I was here, I was unique in a world that doesn’t want me to be, and I mattered.’”

Mohiuddin initially planned to show small-scale works on reclaimed materials such as road signs and license plates, but found her pieces “looked really small and almost as if they were intimidated” by the space.

With curator Priyanka Mehra’s encouragement, she adopted a new approach. “I told Priyanka I wanted to bring in some texture and I’m going to paint with brooms.”

The result is a large-scale, layered installation that channels the grit and energy of the streets.

“To be able to loosen up and work freely without restriction and prerequisite was amazing. And brooms. I used brooms in my mark-making for the first time,” Mohiuddin said.

Through her personal, intuitive process, she hopes to provoke “a raw humanness” in viewers.

“Perhaps let’s say I hope it provokes a human response,” she added.


Joana Hadjithomas, Khalil Joreige on their latest exhibition ‘Remembering the Light’ 

Joana Hadjithomas, Khalil Joreige on their latest exhibition ‘Remembering the Light’ 
Updated 18 August 2025

Joana Hadjithomas, Khalil Joreige on their latest exhibition ‘Remembering the Light’ 

Joana Hadjithomas, Khalil Joreige on their latest exhibition ‘Remembering the Light’ 

DUBAI: “We’ve been working a lot on questioning the writing of history in Lebanon — and elsewhere; the construction of imaginaries and stories kept secret,” says Lebanese artist and filmmaker Joana Hadjithomas.

In “Remembering the Light,” their solo exhibition which runs at Beirut’s Sursock Museum until September 4, Hadjithomas and her husband and creative partner Khalil Joreige present a collection of works that gather their wide-ranging influences and interests. Not just hidden histories — such as those revealed in the video installation “Remember the Light,” from which the show takes its title and in which divers head into the depths of the sea of Lebanon’s coast, drifting down past tanks, ships, and artifacts from ancient civilizations — but the power and necessity of art in troubled times, the cyclical nature of time, regeneration from chaos, and much more. It is also, as the title suggests, a show filled with hope, even though the bulk of the works on display were created at a time when hope was in short supply in Lebanon.

Khalil Joreige and Joana Hadjithomas. (Tarek Moukaddem)

“But My Head Is Still Singing,” the sixth work in their series “I Stared At Beauty So Much” — one of three main bodies of work around which the exhibition is based — is a prime example. It’s an installation in which looped videos are projected onto two screens made from layers of broken and salvaged glass. Glass from the duo’s studio and apartment, both of which were devastated by the explosion in the Port of Beirut in 2020.

“We wanted to transform the glass into something,” says Hadjithomas. “After the blast, it was very difficult to produce art
 There was this question. ‘What for? How can art help with all this?’ And we thought about the figure of Orpheus (from Greek mythology), saddened by the loss of (his lover) Eurydice. He was dismembered by the maenads, but his head still kept singing. So, we brought together some friends, and we recited some verses from several poets (poetry and poets, she says later, can “counter chaos”) that refer to Orpheus. Even though our voices were exhausted, we were still singing, in a way. So you hear the voices and you can see some of the words on the screen.”

Collaboration such as this is key to the duo’s work (“We like to see through the eyes of others,” Hadjithomas says). Take the divers in “Remember the Light,” for example. That video, Joreige explains, is “about the feeling we have sometimes that our world is shrinking — losing some variation of color and the possibility of light, and we have to find it. The more you go down in water, the more the water will filter the light and you’ll lose the colors. But if you put a light here, all the color will reappear, and when you remove the light, the plankton remember the light and refract its luminescence.” It is, Hadjithomas adds, “a (reminder) to remember the light, even in times of despair.”

Detail from 'Message With(out) A Code.' (Supplied)

Collaboration is also central to their ongoing “Uncomformities” project, another of the show’s major bodies of work, and one which won the duo France’s most significant contemporary art prize in 2017. The works in the project — including “Palimpsests,” “Time Capsules,” “Message With(out) A Code,” and “Blow Up” — are based around their fascination with what lies hidden beneath our feet, particularly in three cities: Athens, Paris, and Beirut. The project was inspired by core samples taken by geologists and archeologists — which show the layers of stratification in the earth and can be “read” by experts.

“The fact that these things were taking us into really deep time was very interesting,” says Hadjithomas. “Archeologists talk about the way things are always changing and evolving. And at the moment like the one we are living, understanding that after disasters there’s always a regeneration is very important.”

“Most of the time, when you imagine sedimentation (in the earth), you think of a stratification that is linear,” Joreige says. “But what we discovered with archeology is that when you dig, what is old moves up, and what is new moves down 
 you are recycling, redoing, regenerating. You are using the traces of civilizations to build new ones.”

That’s apparent in “Time Capsules,” an installation that includes three large tubes of core samples taken from the area around the Sursock Museum, and which include traces of the tsunami that occurred following the Beirut Earthquake of 551 CE, killing tens of thousands.

“The undergrounds of cities help us understand the way histories are always cycles of construction and destruction and regeneration,” says Hadjithomas. “And this movement of deep time and history can help us when we are in situations (like today).”

“Unconformities” also includes “Message With(out) A Code,” a collection of tapestries based on large photographs the pair had collected of archeological traces from digs, woven in such a way that they appear three-dimensional, even though they are not.   

“We were fascinated by these samples,” says Hadjithomas. “We started taking pictures of them, but without really knowing what they were.”

“We weren’t really able to understand what we were seeing. Like, you think you’re looking at stone, but actually you’re looking at teeth. You always need the eyes of others,” Joreige says, once again highlighting the benefits of their collaborative process, in this case working with archeologists.

While it’s clear that the duo’s work would not be what it is without the input of others, perhaps the most significant factor in all of it is their own natural curiosity. When they come across an object that most of us would discard, their instinct is to ask instead: “Why is this here and what can we learn from it?” They might keep that object for years before they figure out how to turn it into art, but inevitably they do. And with “Remembering the Light,” they hope once again to spark that same curiosity in others.

“We are trying to reveal a certain complexity,” says Joreige. “Sometimes you can’t explain because there’s nothing to explain. There’s no easy answer. But (for visitors), we hope that an encounter will occur. We want to share this moment of experiencing something uncommon.”

“We take people with us on a journey to experience and to share knowledge, share emotions and research. For me, it’s not about understanding everything, but to have, like, an impression,” Hadjithomas adds. “You just have to feel something, then understand more if you want. There’s a lot of layers. And you can dig as much as you want.”