Global FDI set to drop again this year after 11% fall in 2024: UNCTAD

Global FDI set to drop again this year after 11% fall in 2024: UNCTAD
Ongoing trade tensions have lead to downward revisions of most indicators, including FDI prospects. Getty
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Updated 19 June 2025

Global FDI set to drop again this year after 11% fall in 2024: UNCTAD

Global FDI set to drop again this year after 11% fall in 2024: UNCTAD

Global foreign direct investment is set to fall again in 2025 primarily due to high investor uncertainty driven by ongoing trade tensions, according to a UN analysis.

In its latest report, the UN Conference on Trade and Development revealed that FDI dropped 11 percent to $1.5 trillion in 2024, marking a second year of decline.

While FDI flows were up 4 percent, this figure was inflated by volatile flows through conduit economies — nations that act as intermediaries for finances.

Ongoing trade tensions have lead to downward revisions of most indicators, including FDI prospects, capital formation, and exports of goods and services, as well as financial market volatility, and investor sentiment.

The views of UNCTAD align with a recent report released by the World Bank, which said that FDI flows into developing economies dropped to $435 billion in 2023, the lowest level since 2005, as rising trade barriers, geopolitical tensions, and growing fragmentation curbed cross-border investment.

The World Bank added that FDI into advanced economies also dropped, sinking to $336 billion in 2023, the weakest level since 1996.

Commenting on the latest report, Antonio Guterres, secretary-general of the UN, said: “At a time when the world should be deepening cooperation and expanding opportunity, we are seeing the opposite. 

“Barriers are rising. Globalization is retreating. And the consequences for sustainable development are profound.”

He added: “Infrastructure investment is slowing. Industrial investment is under strain. And developing countries – those most in need – are being left behind.

“Rising trade tensions, policy uncertainty and geopolitical divisions risk making the investment environment even worse.”

The UNCTAD analysis revealed that inward FDI inflows in totaled $15.73 billion in 2024, representing a 31 percent decline from the previous year. 

The Kingdom’s outflows in 2024 were $22.04 billion, marking a year-on-year rise of 27.1 percent. 

Geographically, FDI value in Europe stood at $182 billion last year, representing a decline of 58 percent compared to 2023.

North America attracted FDI worth $343 billion, a 23 percent increase year on year. 

Africa’s FDI flows rose by 75 percent year on year, reaching $97 billion in 2024, while FDI flows in developing Asia stood at $605 billion, marking a 3 percent decline. 

In Latin America and the Caribbean, FDI flows stood at $164 billion, representing a 12 percent drop compared to the previous year. 

“Among developed countries, a sharp fall in inflows in Europe contrasted sharply with rising investment in North America. FDI flows to developing countries were flat, despite sizeable increases in Africa and in South-East Asia,” said the report

Earlier this month, global credit rating agency S&P Global said FDI inflows into Gulf Cooperation Council countries are expected to slow in 2025 due to rising investor uncertainty. 

The outlook reflects shifting US trade policies, lower oil prices, and a more gradual rollout of economic diversification projects in the region. 

S&P Global also forecast a net negative impact on global FDI in the near term, driven by the indirect effects of US tariffs, a weaker oil price outlook, and declining global investor confidence.

According to UNCTAD, international project finance also continued its slump in 2024, registering a 26 percent decline in value compared to the previous year. 

“The global economy continues to grapple with a complex set of challenges: mounting debt, persistent underperformance in GDP (gross domestic product) growth, geopolitical tensions, and structural shifts in trade and investment flows,” said Rebeca Grynspan, secretary-general of UNCTAD. 

She added: “Global foreign direct investment contracted for the second consecutive year. International project finance, critical for large-scale infrastructure and development, registered the steepest decline, falling by 26 percent.” 

International project finance makes up a higher share of FDI in the least developed countries, which are therefore proportionally more affected by the downturn.

According to the analysis, the number of greenfield projects announced in industrial sectors increased by 3 percent year on year. However, their value fell by 5 percent to $1.3 trillion, still the second-highest on record. 

The value of cross-border mergers and acquisitions, which mostly affect FDI flows in developed countries, increased by 14 percent to $443 billion, still well below the average of the last decade. 

“While there has been some weakness in overall M&A markets, the share of cross-border deals in the total is declining, with domestic deals and near-market acquisitions becoming more important in the face of growing policy risks and regulatory scrutiny,” said UNCTAD. 

The report highlighted that the digital economy is the only sector to have seen growth in 2024, witnessing a 17 percent increase in project numbers and a doubling of initiative values. 

“The digital economy is expanding at an annual rate of 10 to 12 percent, outpacing global GDP growth and accounting for a rising share of value creation worldwide,” said Grynspan. 

She added: “Yet this growth is not equally distributed. Despite more than $500 billion in greenfield investment in the digital economy into developing countries over the past five years, this investment is heavily concentrated in a few countries.” 

The UNCTAD secretary-general further said that several structurally weak and vulnerable economies remain marginalized, constrained by inadequate technical infrastructure, limited digital skills, and policy and regulatory uncertainty. 

According to the report, investments aimed at achieving sustainable development goals also faced hurdles in 2024, as projects in renewable energy declined by 12 percent and those in critical minerals fell by almost 50 percent.

“What is most alarming, however, is the continued deterioration of investment flows into key sectors aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals,” said Grynspan. 

She added: “This trend comes at a time when the world can least afford to fall short. Reversing this negative trend in Goals investment will demand not only more capital — both public and private — but also deeper alignment of investment flows with long-term sustainability goals.”


NCEC develops an environmental pollution vehicle to reduce pollution and protect public health

NCEC develops an environmental pollution vehicle to reduce pollution and protect public health
Updated 10 October 2025

NCEC develops an environmental pollution vehicle to reduce pollution and protect public health

NCEC develops an environmental pollution vehicle to reduce pollution and protect public health

RIYADH: To enhance the speed and efficiency of environmental emergency response in the Kingdom of , the National Center for Environmental Compliance has launched six first-response vehicles for ecological emergencies.

These vehicles feature advanced technologies, including systems for measuring pollutants and hazardous emissions, as well as the ability to intervene in dangerous chemical incidents, while allowing teams to reach the scene as quickly as possible.

The environmental pollution vehicle is a specialized vehicle for monitoring and responding to various sources of pollution, helping to mitigate their impact on public health and the environment.

The NCEC's Environmental Pollution Vehicle is equipped with gadgets and instruments designed for monitoring and responding to various sources of pollution. (NCEC photo)

In an interview with Saad Al-Matrafi, NCEC’s executive director of media and communication and official spokesperson, he said that these vehicles use the latest advances in pollution measurement, providing accurate and immediate data on air quality and potential hazards.

He said that the vehicles will be stationed in several locations in the Kingdom, including Riyadh, the Northern Borders, Madinah, Makkah, Jazan, and the Eastern Province.

“Functioning as mobile environmental monitoring stations, the vehicles feature integrated systems for gas analysis and air quality assessment — enabling swift, data-driven responses to environmental incidents across the Kingdom,” Al-Matrafi said.

“By collecting and analyzing real-time data, it enables rapid corrective action to address environmental challenges as they arise,” he added.

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The executive director demonstrated the operation of the equipment and devices available in each vehicle.

“Technicians can measure the volume of hazardous gases and monitor various types of gases, such as carbon monoxide, methane, propane, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and other gases, depending on the type of sensors selected.”

Inspectors of the National Center for Environmental Compliance at work. (SPA file photo)

In addition, the vehicle’s emergency technicians can handle accidents and chemical and biological hazards, he said.

“All employees receive specialized training to operate these vehicles safely, including the use of gas detection equipment and protective suits, ensuring they can effectively respond to chemical, biological, and hazardous material emergencies,” Al-Matrafi said.

NCEC said that the technologies in the vehicle contribute to the rapid response and handling of any environmental emergency, thereby ensuring the community’s safety and achieving the highest standards of environmental protection.

More than 25 devices, items of protection equipment, and tools are available in NCEC’s environmental vehicles, including a measuring device used to calculate distances accurately. This product is designed to fold, making it easy to carry and store when not in use.

Saad Al-Matrafi, executive director and official spokesperson at NCEC. (AN file photo)

Another tool is the hazardous gas measuring device, which will be used to detect the presence of toxic or flammable gases in the surrounding environment, ensuring the safety of people where gas levels may be hazardous.

Additionally, there is an infrared thermometer to measure temperatures remotely, without the need for contact with the object or surface being measured.

Employees will be equipped with a sample collection and storage bag designed for hazardous materials responders, environmental agencies, military personnel, police, or forensic workers collecting samples containing chemical, biological, or radiological threats, including chemical warfare agents, toxic industrial materials, and toxins.

DID YOU KNOW?

• The National Center for Environmental Compliance is aiming to protect the environment and the general public’s health with the environmental pollution vehicle.

• More than 25 pieces of protective equipment are available in NCEC’s environmental vehicles to ensure accurate data collection and provide a safe environment for the workers.

• Gases that experts from NCEC can measure in vehicles include carbon monoxide, methane, and propane.

Another bag will be provided to transport samples from the collection site to laboratories or other locations safely and without any change to their quality.

To protect workers in hazardous environments, such as industrial plants, power plants, contaminated sites, and activities involving exposure to highly toxic materials, protective suits will be provided. Employee safety is essential to avoid contamination by hazardous substances.

Around the world, poor air quality is one of the causes of several health issues such as heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer, according to the Clean Air Fund. (Supplied)

Furthermore, the chemical and biological hazard-resistant suit is designed to protect people from exposure to toxic chemicals, biological contaminants, or viruses in hazardous environments.

Workers are expected to use a face mask and a filter, as the modern design of full-face masks provides extensive and well-developed cover for the face while still allowing clear vision. While the availability of various sizes ensures masks fit comfortably and securely, the face mask filter provides complete protection from toxic and chemical gases.

The Kingdom is prioritizing its sustainable development goals as a significant objective of Vision 2030. Structuring a healthier, more flourishing, and greener future through innovative interventions such as the environmental vehicle by NCEC is critical for a balanced ecosystem.


 


Saudi, Japan to develop digital medicine strategies

Saudi, Japan to develop digital medicine strategies
Updated 10 October 2025

Saudi, Japan to develop digital medicine strategies

Saudi, Japan to develop digital medicine strategies
  • Pact includes AI diagnostics, training, device development, and education platforms

TOKYO: Tokyo-based Medident has signed an agreement with institutions to link Japan’s medical digital transformation strategy with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 plan.

The pact was inked at the Japan-Saudi EXPO Investment Forum, the company announced on Sept. 24.

The agreement covers areas including artificial intelligence diagnostics, surgical training, medical device development, and healthcare-education platforms.

Medident also plans to speed up clinical and educational adoption of its 3D Clone Model, a training tool that combines virtual reality with tactile simulation based on various types of medical scans.

“Our initiatives are gaining recognition both academically and at the policy level,” Medident CEO Daisuke Tomita said.

“By connecting Japan’s strengths in digital healthcare with ’s reform agenda, we will build new frameworks for international co-creation.”

The deal was signed on stage at the Saudi-Japan EXPO Investment Forum with Dr. Noor A. Al-Saadoon, director of health innovation at the Biotech Center at Al-Faisal University, and Dr. Mohammed Al-Hayaza, president of Al-Faisal University.

Also in attendance were Khalid A. Al-Falih, minister of investment; KOGA Yuichiro Koga, state minister of economy, trade, and Industry; and Yumiko Tomita, director of the Japan Oral Health Association.

Medident is a part of the Mirise Medical Group, which operates clinics in Tokyo’s upmarket Minami-Aoyama and Ginza districts, focusing on orthodontics, oral health, and regenerative therapies.


Damascus-Amman train link could be completed by 2026 as historic Hijaz railway restoration plan gains steam

Damascus-Amman train link could be completed by 2026 as historic Hijaz railway restoration plan gains steam
Updated 10 October 2025

Damascus-Amman train link could be completed by 2026 as historic Hijaz railway restoration plan gains steam

Damascus-Amman train link could be completed by 2026 as historic Hijaz railway restoration plan gains steam
  • Under the agreement, Turkiye will support Syria with reconstruction efforts, while Jordan will provide locomotive maintenance
  • A Jordanian official said if plans go ahead passengers could expect to board trains from late next year

DUBAI: Passengers traveling between Amman and Damascus could be taking the train as early as the end of 2026, with both countries determined to restore a historic rail link that once connected the Levant with the holy cities of Madinah and Makkah.

A high-level meeting in Amman last month saw Jordan, Syria, and Turkiye agree to work together on reviving the historic railway.

Under the agreement, Turkiye will support Syria with reconstruction efforts, while Jordan will provide locomotive maintenance.

Although details regarding timelines remain limited, Zahi Khalil, director-general and deputy chairman of the Jordan Hijaz Railway at the Jordanian Ministry of Transport, said plans are well underway and could allow passenger services between the two capitals as soon as next year.

“Turkiye agreed in September to support the repair of the railway section between Damascus and the Jordanian border. They will completely restore it,” Khalil told Arab News on the sidelines of the Global Rail Conference in Abu Dhabi last week.

“Regarding the connection process — the link between Damascus and Amman — it could be ready by the end of next year, 2026. So possibly in the last quarter of next year, we’ll have the first passenger trip between Amman and Damascus.”

Khalil said the initial phase of the project will focus on passenger transport, but there are also plans to upgrade the route for freight trains within the next three to five years. This, however, will require significant infrastructure upgrades to handle heavier loads.

Historically, the Hijaz Railway was part of the Ottoman rail network and served as a major link between Damascus and Makkah, reducing a journey that once took 40 days to just five. Seen by the sultan at the time as a symbol of Islamic unity and progress, the railway holds deep historical and cultural significance across the region.

Khalil explained that much of the historic track would be rehabilitated, upgraded for modern trains, and reused, with large sections of the original route still intact. He believes the revived line will function not only as a vital transport connection but also as a heritage attraction in its own right.

“Trains are one of the greatest and easiest means of connection between countries; they carry large numbers of people and encourage tourism both within Jordan and between Jordan and neighboring countries,” he said.

“For example, on the old Hijaz Railway, we already have daily tourist trips in the historic Wadi Rum area, but only there. When the line connects to other regions, it will bring tourists from neighboring countries and other Jordanian cities.”

The original Hijaz Railway was intended to extend all the way to Istanbul, connecting the Ottoman capital with Makkah. However, the project was never completed due to the First World War and the subsequent fall of the Ottoman Empire.

With Turkiye now deeply involved in Syria’s reconstruction, Khalil believes there is renewed potential to realize the railway’s original scale. He noted that work is already underway to rehabilitate lines between Damascus and Aleppo, with plans to extend the tracks to the Turkish-Syrian border.

“Once Syria is linked to the Turkish rail lines, Amman will be connected all the way to Istanbul,” he said.

Looking ahead, Khalil added that there are also plans to link Amman with future railway projects in and the Gulf Cooperation Council, ultimately realizing the full vision of the historic Hijaz Railway.


to sustain 4.5%–5.5% non-oil growth over next decade: Moody’s 

 to sustain 4.5%–5.5% non-oil growth over next decade: Moody’s 
Updated 10 October 2025

to sustain 4.5%–5.5% non-oil growth over next decade: Moody’s 

 to sustain 4.5%–5.5% non-oil growth over next decade: Moody’s 

RIYADH: is on course to sustain non-oil sector annual growth of 4.5 percent to 5.5 percent through the next five to 10 years as its Vision 2030 diversification program gathers pace, Moody’s have forecast. 

The rating agency cited strong momentum from services, tourism, and a pipeline of mega events including the 2027 AFC Asian Cup, the 2030 World Expo, and the 2034 FIFA World Cup, all of which are expected to reinforce the Kingdom’s non-oil expansion and attract sustained private investment.  

Other rating agencies and consultancies share a similar outlook. Fitch Ratings expects ’s non-oil growth to average around 4.5 percent through the medium term, while BMI and Strategic Gears forecast continued expansion in tourism and exports, reflecting broad confidence in the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 diversification momentum. 

This comes on the back of ’s latest estimate, released on Sept. 30, in which the Ministry of Finance forecast real gross domestic product growth of 4.6 percent in 2026, supported by continued expansion in non-oil activities. 

The ministry’s pre-budget statement set the 2025 projection at 4.4 percent, driven by a 5 percent increase in non-oil output, underpinned by robust domestic demand, rising employment, and expanding private-sector investment. 

In its latest report, Moody’s stated: “Non-oil economic growth, particularly in the services sector, will remain robust as the large-scale projects are implemented and gradually commercialize.” 

The agency cautioned that progress on some flagship projects is uneven amid supply bottlenecks, engineering challenges and tighter funding conditions.  

Moody’s expects authorities to keep diversification outlays relatively high even as oil prices soften, leading to “moderate fiscal deficits” and a rise in government debt to more than 36 percent of GDP by 2030 from about 26 percent at end-2024. 

In a separate report on the banking system, Moody’s said strong credit demand linked to Vision 2030 projects and mortgages has outpaced deposit growth, pushing the sector’s loan-to-deposit ratio above 100 percent for the first time since 2021 and sustaining reliance on alternative funding.  

“While domestic deposits are increasing, mainly supported by inflows from government entities and large companies, credit demand continues to grow at a faster pace,” said the agency.

It noted that Saudi banks have diversified into capital-market issuance and syndicated loans; total bank issuance reached SR56 billion ($14.93 billion) in 2024, up from SR21 billion in 2023, with similar levels expected this year before easing as loan and deposit growth re-align. 

The report added that the Saudi Central Bank has moved to bolster resilience, introducing a 100-basis-point countercyclical capital buffer effective in 2026 and monitoring foreign-currency liquidity and stable-funding ratios — steps that could moderate loan growth at some institutions.  

Moody’s also highlighted the role of the Saudi Real Estate Refinance Co. in easing liquidity pressures, with SRC’s acquired portfolio rising to about 4 percent of the mortgage market and the launch of the Kingdom’s first residential mortgage-backed security in August, initially for local investors.  

Market funding brings its own risks, Moody’s said, pointing to a near-doubling of foreign funding as a share of liabilities since 2020 and the banking system’s net foreign-asset position turning negative in 2024.  

While the agency sees a loss of confidence as unlikely over the next 12 to 18 months, it warned that an abrupt shift could pressure renewals; measured diversification by tenor and geography would help mitigate that risk.  

Another new report by Moody’s on nonfinancial companies revealed that investment and reforms are lifting multiple non-oil sectors — hospitality and retail, manufacturing, mining and real estate among them — even as borrowing needs rise and credit outcomes diverge.  

Moody’s estimates that cumulative private-sector investments of close to SR8 trillion will be needed by 2030 to sustain growth, with the Public Investment Fund remaining central to catalyzing co-investment.  

PIF’s direct role is set to remain substantial. Moody’s projects up to SR1 trillion of PIF investment by 2030 — on top of about SR642 billion over the past five years — while around SR7 trillion from other private participants will be required to maintain non-oil momentum.  

The scale and complexity of projects such as Neom introduce execution risk, but phased investment and tighter oversight should support delivery.  

Utilities will carry some of the heaviest capital burdens as the energy mix targets a 50/50 split between renewables and gas by 2030. 

Moody’s estimates at least SR750 billion of sector investment across 2019 to 2030, with the National Renewable Energy Program having launched roughly SR440 billion of projects since 2019. The Ministry of Energy plans to tender about 130 gigawatts of renewable capacity by 2030.  

As of mid-2025, renewables accounted for around 9 GW — about 10 percent of total generation capacity.  

Saudi Electricity Co., the sole transmitter and distributor, is accelerating grid expansion and interconnections and expects its regulated asset base to grow with elevated capital spending — rising from an average SR29.4 billion per year since 2019 to about SR50 billion to SR55 billion annually in 2025-30.  

Higher investment needs will strain free cash flow and liquidity, though a supportive regulatory framework and increased indirect subsidies — SR10.8 billion in 2024, or 12 percent of revenue — provide offsets.  

Across capital markets, Moody’s expects more Saudi corporates to tap equity and debt as regulatory upgrades broaden participation, with national champions and private companies aiming to balance expansion with prudent leverage.  

That trend, it said, should gradually deepen the domestic market, diversify funding sources and support a more resilient financing ecosystem. 


Saudia, Alrajhi Bank, Albaik lead ’s most ‘persuasive’ brands: YouGov

Saudia, Alrajhi Bank, Albaik lead ’s most ‘persuasive’ brands: YouGov
Updated 09 October 2025

Saudia, Alrajhi Bank, Albaik lead ’s most ‘persuasive’ brands: YouGov

Saudia, Alrajhi Bank, Albaik lead ’s most ‘persuasive’ brands: YouGov

RIYADH: Saudia, Alrajhi Bank, and Albaik are the top three most persuasive brands in when it comes to getting people to buy their products, according to a new survey. 

A report from market research and data analytics firm YouGov analyzed shopping attitudes in the Kingdom and compiled a list of companies leading in convincing consumers to spend on their brands. 

The analysis found that retail banks, beauty firms, and telecoms and handset providers are the most successful at converting people who would consider buying their products into those who intend to do so.  

According to the report, Saudia topped all brands across every category, with 72 percent of respondents intending to use the airline once it was considered as an option. 

Alrajhi Bank came second with a conversion rate of 70 percent, followed by Albaik at 65 percent, Almarai at 65 percent, and Apple at 62 percent.  

Toyota followed with a conversion rate of 55 percent, while Samsung and Hilton recorded conversion rates of 49 percent and 47 percent, respectively, once customers began considering their products. 

The survey also found that Huda Beauty has a conversion rate of 45 percent, followed by Dior Beauty at 43 percent. 

Category breakdown  

Among non-carbonated beverage brands, Almarai secured the top spot among Saudi buyers, followed by Saudia, Nadec, Lipton Ice Tea, and Nova. 

Almarai’s top position comes just months after the company signed an agreement to acquire Pure Beverages Industry Co. for SR1.04 billion ($277 million), aiming to diversify its offerings and strengthen its market position. 

Pure Beverages Industry Co. is a bottled drinking water producer in the Kingdom, known for its “Ival” and “Oska” brands. 

In the retail banking category, Alrajhi Bank is the most successful at converting customers considering its services into those who intend to use them. 

Alrajhi Bank is followed by Saudi Awwal Bank, Saudi National Bank, Alinma Bank, and Riyad Bank. 

In September, Alrajhi Bank earned an “AA” rating from MSCI’s global environmental, social, and governance benchmark, becoming the only financial institution in to achieve this distinction. 

The recognition also placed the financial institution among the top five banks worldwide with an “AA” or higher ESG rating, underscoring its leadership in sustainable practices.  

Among beauty brands, Huda Beauty garnered the top spot for conversions, while Dior Beauty, Mac Beauty, Chanel Beauty, and Makeup Forever Beauty made up the remaining popular companies in the segment. 

With a conversion rate of 38 percent, Amazon was named the most persuasive retailer in the Kingdom, followed by Al Othaim, Panda, Lulu Hypermarket, and Shein.  

Apple topped the list among consumer electronics and appliances brands, with Samsung, Huawei, LG and PlayStation grabbing the remaining slots in the top five list.  

Albaik was named the most persuasive brand in the dining, restaurants and eateries category. Other entrants in the list include Hungerstation, McDonald’s, Al Tazaj, and KFC.  

According to YouGov, Toyota is the most persuasive vehicle brand among Saudi customers, followed by Mercedes-Benz, Land Rover, Lexus, and BMW.  

Among hotels and resorts, Hilton topped the list, while the remaining entrants included InterContinental, Movenpick, Hyatt, and Ritz-Carlton.  

Saudia was named the most persuasive travel and airline brand among Saudi customers, followed by Egypt Air, flynas, Emirates, and Almosafer.  

Affinity toward home-made brands 

According to the YouGov survey, six out of 10 residents in prefer to buy products made in their home country.  

The report revealed that 63 percent of the survey participants aged above 55 prefer products made in .  

Among people aged from 18 to 24, 58 percent prefer buying homemade products, and this figure rises to 60 percent among people between the ages of 25 and 34, and 61 percent among 35- to 44-year-olds.  

The report further said that 58 percent of the participants between the ages of 45 to 54 prefer buying products made in the Kingdom.