Global markets fall as Trump’s tariffs roil world trade

Breaking News Global markets fall as Trump’s tariffs roil world trade
Stock brokers monitor share prices on a digital screen during a trading session at the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) as index plummeted amid a global market crash, in Karachi on April 7, 2025. (AFP)
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Updated 07 April 2025

Global markets fall as Trump’s tariffs roil world trade

Global markets fall as Trump’s tariffs roil world trade
  • Pakistan Stock Exchange falls rapidly, suspending trading for an hour after a 5% drop in KSE-100 index
  • Middle East stock markets tumble as they struggled with dual hit of new US tariffs, oil prices decline

Global markets plunged Monday following last week’s two-day meltdown on Wall Street, and President Donald Trump said he won’t back down on his sweeping new tariffs, which have roiled global trade.

Countries are scrambling to figure out how to respond to the tariffs, with China and others retaliating quickly.

Trump’s tariff blitz fulfilled a key campaign promise as he acted without Congress to redraw the rules of the international trading system. It was a move decades in the making for Trump, who has long denounced foreign trade deals as unfair to the US

The higher rates are set to be collected beginning Wednesday, ushering in a new era of economic uncertainty with no clear end in sight.

Here’s the latest:

Chinese officials meet business representatives from Tesla and other US companies. 

Chinese government officials met business representatives from Tesla, GE Healthcare and other US companies on Sunday. It called on them to issue “reasonable” statements and take “concrete actions” on addressing the issue of tariffs.

“The United States in recent days has used all sorts of excuses to announce indiscriminate tariffs on all trading partners, including China, severely harming the rules-based multilateral trade system,” said Ling Ji, a vice minister of commerce, at the meeting with 20 US companies.

“China’s countermeasures are not only a way to protect the rights and interests of companies, including American ones, but are also to urge the US to return to the right path of the multilateral trading system,” Ling added.




A man looks at a screen showing Chinese stock market movements as he uses his mobile phone in Beijing on April 7, 2025. (AFP)

Ling also promised that China would remain open to foreign investment, according to a readout of the meeting from the Ministry of Commerce.

Malaysia wants Southeast Asia to present a united response to tariffs

Malaysia’s Trade Minister Zafrul Abdul Aziz said his country wants to forge a united response from Southeast Asia to the sweeping US tariffs.

Malaysia, which is the chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations this year, will lead the regional bloc’s special Economic Ministers’ Meeting on April 10 in Kuala Lumpur to discuss the broader implication of the tariff measures on regional trade and investment, Zafrul told a news conference on Monday.

“We are looking at the investment flow, macroeconomic stability and ASEAN’s coordinated response to this tariff issue,” Zafrul said.

ASEAN leaders will also meet to discuss member states’ strategies and to mitigate potential disruptions to regional supply chain networks.

Pakistan plans to send a government delegation to Washington this month to discuss how to avoid the 29% tariffs imposed by the US on imports from Pakistan, officials said Monday.

The development came two days after Pakistan’s prime minister asked its finance minister to send him recommendations for resolving the issue. The US imports around $5 billion worth of textiles and other products from Pakistan, which heavily relies on loans from the International Monetary Fund and others.

The Pakistan Stock Exchange fell rapidly on Monday. The exchange suspended trading for an hour after a 5% drop in its main KSE-30 index.

Mideast markets follow oil prices lower

Middle East stock markets tumbled as they struggled with the dual hit of the new US tariffs and a sharp decline in oil prices, squeezing energy-producing nations that rely on those sales to power their economies and government spending.
Benchmark Brent crude is down by nearly 15% over the last five days of trading, with a barrel of oil costing just over $63. That’s down nearly 30% from a year ago, when a barrel cost over $90.

That cost per barrel is far lower than the estimated break-even price for producers. That’s coupled with the new tariffs, which saw the Gulf Cooperation Council states of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates hit with 10% tariffs. Other Mideast nations face higher tariffs, like Iraq at 39% and Syria at 41%.

The Dubai Financial Market exchange fell 5% as it opened for the week. The Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange fell 4%.

Markets that opened Sunday saw losses as well. ’s Tadawul stock exchange fell over 6% in trading. The giant of the exchange, ’s state-owned oil company Aramco, fell over 5% on its own, wiping away billions in market capitalization for the world’s sixth-most-valuable company.

Beijing struck a note of confidence on Monday even as markets in Hong Kong and Shanghai tumbled.

“The sky won’t fall. Faced with the indiscriminate punches of US taxes, we know what we are doing and we have tools at our disposal,” wrote The People’s Daily, the Communist Party’s official mouthpiece.

China announced a slew of countermeasures on Friday evening aimed at Trump’s tariffs, including its own 34% tariffs on all goods from the US set to go in effect on Wednesday.
Australian dollar drops to levels last seen early in pandemic

The Australian dollar fell below 60 US cents on Monday for the first time since the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.




A photo illustration shows a mobile phone displaying a graph of the Australian stock market figures at the close of trading, in Sydney on April 7, 2025. (AFP)

The drop reflected concerns over the Chinese economy and market expectations for four interest rate cuts in Australia this calendar year, Australian Treasurer Jim Chalmers said.

“What our modeling shows is that we expect there to be big hits to American growth and Chinese growth and a spike in American inflation as well,” Chalmers said.

“We expect more manageable impacts on the Australian economy, but we still do expect Australian GDP to take a hit and we expect there to be an impact on prices here as well,” he added.

The Trump administration assigned Australia the minimum baseline 10% tariff on imports in the United States. The US has enjoyed a trade surplus with Australia for decades.

Indian stocks fell sharply on Monday, seeing their biggest single-day drop in percentage terms since March 2020 amid the pandemic.

The benchmark BSE Sensex and the Nifty 50 index both dropped about 5% after trading opened but then recovered slightly. Both were later trading down about 4 percent.

President Donald Trump said Sunday that he won’t back down on his sweeping tariffs on imports from most of the world unless countries even out their trade with the US, digging in on his plans to implement the taxes that have sent financial markets reeling, raised fears of a recession and upended the global trading system.

Speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One, Trump said he didn’t want global markets to fall, but also that he wasn’t concerned about the massive sell-off either, adding, “sometimes you have to take medicine to fix something.”

His comments came as global financial markets appeared on track to continue sharp declines once trading resumes Monday, and after Trump’s aides sought to soothe market concerns by saying more than 50 nations had reached out about launching negotiations to lift the tariffs.

“I spoke to a lot of leaders, European, Asian, from all over the world,” Trump said. “They’re dying to make a deal. And I said, we’re not going to have deficits with your country. We’re not going to do that, because to me a deficit is a loss. We’re going to have surpluses or at worst, going to be breaking even.”

Asian markets plunged on Monday following last week’s two-day meltdown on Wall Street, and US President Donald Trump said he won’t back down on his sweeping tariffs on imports from most of the world unless countries even out their trade with the US

Tokyo’s Nikkei 225 index lost nearly 8% shortly after the market opened on Monday. By midday, it was down 6%. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng dropped 9.4%, while the Shanghai Composite index was down 6.2%, and South Korea’s Kospi lost 4.1%

US futures also signaled further weakness.

Market observers expect investors will face more wild swings in the days and weeks to come, with a short-term resolution to the trade war appearing unlikely.


Riyadh Air taps travel tech platform Amadeus for global distribution ahead of launch

Riyadh Air taps travel tech platform Amadeus for global distribution ahead of launch
Updated 07 August 2025

Riyadh Air taps travel tech platform Amadeus for global distribution ahead of launch

Riyadh Air taps travel tech platform Amadeus for global distribution ahead of launch

RIYADH: ’s Riyadh Air has signed a global distribution agreement with Amadeus to expand its international footprint, connecting to more than 190 travel markets ahead of its commercial launch. 

The deal links the Public Investment Fund-owned carrier to one of the world’s largest networks of travel sellers via the Amadeus Travel Platform, boosting its retail capabilities and global reach. 

The partnership is expected to support the Kingdom’s National Aviation Strategy, which targets doubling passenger capacity to 330 million annually from over 250 global destinations and increasing cargo handling to 4.5 million tonnes by the end of this decade. 

Announced in 2023 by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Riyadh Air is expected to contribute over $20 billion to the non-oil gross domestic product and create more than 200,000 direct and indirect jobs. 

In a statement, Vincent Coste, chief commercial officer of the airline, said: “Partnering with Amadeus gives us the global reach, distribution power, and retailing capabilities needed to support our goal of flying to over 100 destinations by 2030.”

He added: “This partnership is not only about enabling seamless travel experiences, but also about contributing to the broader national vision of economic diversification, tourism growth, and enhanced global connectivity.” 

The agreement includes future distribution of Riyadh Air’s New Distribution Capability content, enabling the airline to offer more dynamic and personalized products. It will give Riyadh Air greater control over its indirect sales strategy as it builds toward full operations, according to a press release. 

“Amadeus brings not only global reach, but also advanced retailing, merchandising, and data-driven tools that will help Riyadh Air differentiate itself on the global stage,” said Maher Koubaa, executive vice president of the travel unit and managing director for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa at Amadeus. 

He added: “We are excited to support Riyadh Air’s contribution to Vision 2030 and the Kingdom’s aspirations to become a global tourism and travel leader.” 

Riyadh Air plans to launch a new international destination every two months once operations begin, as it prepares to take delivery of its first Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the airline’s CEO Tony Douglas told Bloomberg in June.

The carrier, which requires two aircraft to operate a round-trip route, is awaiting delivery of its initial jets to commence services.

Four Dreamliners are currently in various stages of assembly at Boeing’s facility in Charleston, South Carolina, with operations expected to begin once the first two are delivered. 

In addition to its Boeing orders, Riyadh Air announced at the Paris Air Show in June that it will purchase up to 50 Airbus A350 long-range aircraft, with deliveries expected to start in 2030.

The airline has also placed orders for 60 Airbus A321neo narrowbody jets and up to 72 Boeing 787s, including options.


Saudi Exchange proposes rule changes to expand access to Parallel Market 

Saudi Exchange proposes rule changes to expand access to Parallel Market 
Updated 07 August 2025

Saudi Exchange proposes rule changes to expand access to Parallel Market 

Saudi Exchange proposes rule changes to expand access to Parallel Market 

RIYADH: ’s stock exchange has proposed a set of rule changes aimed at broadening investor access to its Parallel Market, in a move that could further stimulate listings and deepen capital market activity. 

The Saudi Exchange Co., also known as Tadawul, published draft amendments to its exchange rules for public consultation, inviting feedback until Aug. 19, according to a statement. 

The proposed reforms target the definition of “qualified investors,” loosen listing requirements for the Parallel Market, known as Nomu, and align existing regulations with updates under the new Companies Law. 

The move is part of the exchange’s broader strategy to diversify funding channels and boost private sector participation in equity markets, in line with the country’s Vision 2030 economic transformation plan. 

In a statement, Tadawul stated: “The amendments also include changes to the market value requirement for publicly held shares and the expected aggregate market value requirement as of the listing date for all shares to be listed on the Parallel Market.” 

It added: “Furthermore, the amendments also aim to align with the Capital Market Authority’s Regulations, as amended to implement the new Companies Law.” 

One of the key proposals includes creating a new classified category within the qualified investor definition for Nomu. The expanded eligibility would allow more institutional and individual investors to participate in the secondary market, which caters primarily to small and medium-sized enterprises. 

Under the revised rules, qualified investors in Nomu would include capital market institutions, investment funds, Gulf Cooperation Council companies, qualified foreign financial institutions, and certain high-net-worth individuals. 

Notably, the net worth threshold for individuals would remain at SR5 million ($1.33 million), but the minimum securities market activity could be reduced to SR30 million over the past year, down from SR40 million, which would lower the barrier to entry for active investors, the draft amendments document showed. 

The exchange has also proposed adjustments to the market capitalization and liquidity criteria for listings on Nomu. The minimum market value of publicly held shares at the time of listing could be reduced to SR30 million or 20 percent of the share class — whichever is less — while the minimum expected aggregate market value of all listed shares may be set at SR10 million for initial public offerings and SR100 million for direct listings, the document noted. 

The new rules also allow for lower thresholds to be approved by the Capital Market Authority if a company demonstrates sufficient investor demand and share liquidity. 

The proposed amendments aim to harmonize Tadawul’s rulebook with regulatory changes introduced under the updated Companies Law, particularly those related to corporate restructurings and listings following demergers or spin-offs. 

Definitions of terms such as “Demerger,” “Spin-Off,” and “Qualified Investor” have been revised to reflect these changes. 

The Saudi Exchange has opened a 14-day public consultation window, during which stakeholders can submit their feedback to the draft proposals via email. Final rule changes will be issued after review and approval by the CMA, the release added. 

The reforms come as continues to see a steady flow of listings on both the main market and Nomu, driven by favorable macroeconomic conditions and the government’s drive to deepen its capital markets. 

accounted for 31 percent of the region’s total initial public offering proceeds in 2024, making it the second-largest contributor after the UAE. The Saudi Exchange hosted 14 IPOs on its main market, raising a total of $3.8 billion. Its parallel market saw 28 IPOs that collectively raised $297 million.


hosts first regional deployment of OpenAI models through HUMAIN-Groq partnership

 hosts first regional deployment of OpenAI models through HUMAIN-Groq partnership
Updated 07 August 2025

hosts first regional deployment of OpenAI models through HUMAIN-Groq partnership

 hosts first regional deployment of OpenAI models through HUMAIN-Groq partnership
  • Deployment will enable developers, researchers, and enterprises to access AI tools previously limited by infrastructure or compliance constraints
  • Groq CEO said partnership expands company’s reach into Middle East

RIYADH: has become the first country in the region to host OpenAI’s newly released publicly available models through a deployment announced by HUMAIN and Groq.

The gpt-oss-120B and gpt-oss-20B models are operated on Groq’s high-speed inference infrastructure located within HUMAIN’s sovereign data centers in the Kingdom. 

The move is part of broader efforts to localize advanced artificial intelligence infrastructure, aligning with national regulatory and data sovereignty requirements. ’s deployment of OpenAI’s open-source models within domestic infrastructure supports a wider strategy to diversify its economy and position itself as a key player in global AI.

Under Vision 2030, the Kingdom envisions a digital economy powered by AI, investing heavily in sovereign compute infrastructure to support emerging markets across Africa and Asia.

HUMAIN, a company backed by the Public Investment Fund, said the deployment will enable Saudi-based developers, researchers, and enterprises to access AI tools that were previously limited by infrastructure or compliance constraints. 

Groq, a US-based company specializing in AI inference hardware, provides a custom-built processing platform designed to deliver consistent, high-speed performance. 

HUMAIN CEO Tareq Amin described the development as a step forward in achieving technological self-reliance. 

“With the deployment of OpenAI’s most powerful open models, hosted right here inside the Kingdom, Saudi developers, researchers, and enterprises now have direct access to the global frontier of AI — fully aligned with our national regulations and data laws,” he said. 

The company claims that the gpt-oss-120B model operates at more than 500 tokens per second, while the gpt-oss-20B exceeds 1,000 tokens per second on its platform. 

The establishment of HUMAIN by PIF in May, backed by commitments from Nvidia, AMD, Cisco, and Amazon Web Services, illustrates this push, with multi‑billion‑dollar agreements to expand local AI compute capacity, data centers, and foundational models. 

The infrastructure is positioned as fully sovereign, meaning all data handling complies with Saudi regulations. 

This could be significant for organizations in the public and private sectors that require local hosting of data-intensive applications. The companies did not disclose commercial terms or usage projections. 

Groq CEO Jonathan Ross said the partnership expands the company’s reach into the Middle East. 

“Our partnership with HUMAIN gives us a powerful regional and globally central presence in one of the fastest-growing AI ecosystems on the planet,” Ross said. 

The announcement builds on a partnership first disclosed in May and aligns with ’s national strategy to become a competitive player in global AI development. 

HUMAIN had previously stressed its ambition to develop AI capabilities across infrastructure, foundational models, and sector-specific applications. 


Fitch-rated sukuk surpasses $210bn as market expands 16%

Fitch-rated sukuk surpasses $210bn as market expands 16%
Updated 07 August 2025

Fitch-rated sukuk surpasses $210bn as market expands 16%

Fitch-rated sukuk surpasses $210bn as market expands 16%

RIYADH: The value of sukuk rated by Fitch Ratings exceeded $210 billion in the first half of 2025, marking a 16 percent increase from a year earlier, as demand for Shariah-compliant debt continues to accelerate across global markets. 

In its latest Islamic finance report, Fitch said that 80 percent of its rated sukuk maintain investment-grade status with no recorded defaults, highlighting the relative stability and creditworthiness of issuers despite tightening global financial conditions.

The US dollar remained the dominant issuance currency, accounting for over 90 percent of rated sukuk, followed by the Malaysian ringgit at 6.2 percent. 

Fitch currently rates more than 255 sukuk and 95 programs, representing over 70 percent of the outstanding global US dollar-denominated sukuk market. 

Earlier this month, a report by Kuwait Financial Center, also known as Markaz, echoed similar views, stating that US dollar-denominated instruments dominated the Gulf Cooperation Council debt market in the first half of 2025, raising $73.1 billion through 146 issuances — representing 79.4 percent of total value. 

Bashar Al-Natoor, global head of Islamic finance at Fitch Ratings, said: “Most Fitch-rated sukuk rank senior unsecured and hold international long-term ratings with about 87 percent of sukuk issuers having a stable outlook.” 

He added: “Over 90 percent of rated sukuk are US dollar-denominated and are largely characterised by bullet and fixed-rate structures. Medium-term sukuk with tenors between three to 10 years dominate, comprising over 81 percent of all rated sukuk.” 

Sukuk rated in the “A” category made up the largest share at 39 percent, followed by 25 percent in the “BBB” category and 13 percent in “BB.”  
 
Fitch also noted that 11 percent of all rated sukuk are considered long-term, with maturities exceeding 10 years, while only 7 percent have tenors shorter than three years. Most of these instruments are expected to mature by 2030. 
 
Environmental, social, and governance sukuk are also gaining traction, now accounting for 12 percent of all Fitch-rated sukuk outstanding, with a total value of $25 billion. 

Most ESG sukuk are dual-listed on major exchanges such as the London Stock Exchange, Nasdaq Dubai, and Euronext, reflecting their appeal to a broad international investor base. 

The analysis further highlighted increasing regional and sectoral diversification. The Middle East continues to lead with a 69.9 percent share of rated sukuk as of end of the first half, followed by Asia at 21.6 percent and Europe at 7.3 percent. 

Affirming the growth of the Middle East’s debt markets, Fitch noted in December that total outstanding debt in the GCC region surpassed the $1 trillion mark. 

Also in December, Kamco Invest projected that would lead the region in bond maturities over the next five years, with around $168 billion in Saudi bonds expected to mature between 2025 and 2029 — underscoring the Kingdom’s growing prominence in regional debt markets. 

In its latest report, Fitch added that sovereign and supranational issuers still account for more than half of the rated sukuk market. However, issuer diversity is increasing, with sizeable contributions from financial institutions, corporates, international public finance, infrastructure and project finance, as well as structured finance. 


Trump says US to levy 100% tariff on imported chips, but some firms exempt

Trump says US to levy 100% tariff on imported chips, but some firms exempt
Updated 07 August 2025

Trump says US to levy 100% tariff on imported chips, but some firms exempt

Trump says US to levy 100% tariff on imported chips, but some firms exempt

WASHINGTON: President Donald Trump said the US will impose a tariff of about 100 percent on imports of semiconductors but offered up a big exemption — it will not apply to companies that are manufacturing in the US or have committed to do so.

The move is part of Trump’s efforts to bring manufacturing back to the US, and his remarks on Wednesday were made in tandem with an announcement that Apple would be investing an additional $100 billion in its home market.

For companies like Apple, which have committed to build in the US, “there will be no charge,” he told reporters in the Oval Office.

He warned, however, that companies should not try to wrangle out of pledges to build US factories.

“If, for some reason, you say you’re building and you don’t build, then we go back and we add it up, it accumulates, and we charge you at a later date, you have to pay, and that’s a guarantee,” Trump added.

The comments were, however, not a formal tariff announcement, and much remains unclear about how companies and countries around the world will be impacted.

Trump’s mention of the proposed 100 percent rate for chips came in just ahead of US levies of 10 percent to 50 percent kicking in on Thursday for many goods from dozens of trading partners.

Rates on semiconductors and other key tech goods have been the subject of a US national security probe — the results of which are expected to be announced by mid-August.

Trump’s Wednesday remarks produced an immediate flurry of reactions from concerned countries and business lobbies.

South Korea’s top trade envoy said on Thursday that major chipmakers Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix will not be subject to 100 percent tariffs, and South Korea will have the most favorable levies on semiconductors under a trade deal between Washington and Seoul.

Samsung and SK Hynix declined to comment.

On the other end of the spectrum, the president of the Philippine semiconductor industry, Dan Lachica, said Trump’s plan would be “devastating” for his country.

In Malaysia, which is a big player in chip testing and packaging globally, trade minister Tengku Zafrul Aziz warned parliament his country “will risk losing a major market in the United States if its products become less competitive as a result of the imposition of these tariffs.”

Survival of the biggest

Taiwan’s National Development Council Minister Liu Chin-ching told reporters on Thursday that Taiwanese companies have been building US plants or buying US firms with local factories as well as collaborating with US chipmakers to counter potential chip tariffs.

Taiwanese chip contract manufacturer TSMC is expected to be relatively unscathed as it has US factories, so key customers such as Nvidia are unlikely to face increased tariff costs for US-made chips.

Nvidia, which makes cutting-edge AI graphics processing units, also plans to invest hundreds of billions of dollars in the US TSMC did not immediately reply to a request for comment, and an Nvidia spokesperson declined to comment.

“Large, cash-rich companies that can afford to build in America will be the ones to benefit the most. It’s survival of the biggest,” said Brian Jacobsen, chief economist at investment advisory firm Annex Wealth Management.

Congress created a $52.7 billion semiconductor manufacturing and research subsidy program in 2022. The Commerce Department under President Joe Biden last year convinced all five leading-edge semiconductor firms to locate chip factories in the US as part of the program.

The department said the US last year produced about 12 percent of semiconductor chips globally, down from 40 percent in 1990.

“There’s so much serious investment in the United States in chip production that much of the sector will be exempt,” said Martin Chorzempa, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics.

He added that chips made by China’s SMIC or Huawei are unlikely to be exempt, but noted that chips from these companies entering the US market were mostly incorporated into devices assembled in China.

“If these tariffs were applied without a component tariff, it might not make much difference,” he said.

The EU has said it agreed to a single 15 percent tariff rate for the vast majority of EU exports, including cars, chips and pharmaceuticals. Japan has said that the US agreed not to give it a worse tariff rate than other countries on chips.

Shares in Asian chipmakers with big US investment plans climbed on Thursday, with TSMC and Samsung up 4.4 percent and 2 percent respectively. Silicon wafer producer GlobalWafers, which has a plant in Texas, jumped 10 percent.

GlobalWafers said it has proactively implemented cost reduction strategies and believes it has an opportunity to maintain competitiveness.