Fall of Bashar Assad exposes Syrian government’s drug trade

Update Fall of Bashar Assad exposes Syrian government’s drug trade
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A Syrian opposition fighter throws away pills of Captagon at Mazzeh Military Airport in the west of Damascus on Dec. 12, 2024. (AFP)
Update Fall of Bashar Assad exposes Syrian government’s drug trade
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Pills of Captagon, a brand name of the drug psychostimulant Fenethylline, are pictured after their discovery at a drug manufacturing facility in the city of Douma in the Eastern Ghouta region on the eastern outskirts of Damascus on December 12, 2024. (AFP)
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Updated 13 December 2024

Fall of Bashar Assad exposes Syrian government’s drug trade

Fall of Bashar Assad exposes Syrian government’s drug trade
  • Islamist-led fighters seize military bases and distribution hubs for the banned drug captagon

DAMASCUS: The dramatic collapse of Bashar Assad’s Syrian regime has thrown light into the dark corners of his rule, including the industrial-scale export of the banned drug captagon.

Victorious Islamist-led fighters have seized military bases and distribution hubs for the amphetamine-type stimulant, which has flooded the black market across the Middle East.

Led by the Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham (HTS) group, the militants say they found a vast haul of drugs and vowed to destroy them.

On Wednesday, HTS fighters allowed AFP journalists into a warehouse at a quarry on the outskirts of Damascus, where captagon pills were concealed inside electrical components for export.

“After we entered and did a sweep, and we found that this is a factory for Maher Assad and his partner Amer Khiti,” said black-masked fighter Abu Malek Al-Shami.

Maher Assad was a military commander and the deposed strongman’s brother, now presumed on the run. He is widely accused of being the power behind the lucrative captagon trade.

Syrian politician Khiti was placed under sanction in 2023 by the British government, which said he “controls multiple businesses in Syria which facilitate the production and smuggling of drugs.”

In a cavernous garage beneath the warehouse and loading bays, thousands of dusty beige captagon pills were packed into the copper coils of brand new household voltage stabilizers.

“We found a large number of devices that were stuffed with packages of captagon pills meant to be smuggled out of the country. It’s a huge quantity. It’s impossible to tell,” Shami said.

Above, in the warehouse, crates of cardboard boxes stood ready to allow the traffickers to disguise their cargo as pallet-loads of standard goods, alongside sacks and sacks of caustic soda.

Caustic soda, or sodium hydroxide, is a key ingredient in the production of methamphetamine, another stimulant.

Assad fell at the weekend to a lightning HTS offensive, but the revenue from selling captagon propped up Assad’s government throughout Syria’s 13 years of civil war.

Captagon turned Syria into the world’s largest narco state. It became by far Syria’s biggest export, dwarfing all its legal exports put together, according to estimates drawn from official data by AFP during a 2022 investigation.

The warehouse haul was massive, but smaller and still impressive stashes of captagon have also turned up in military facilities associated with units under Maher Assad’s command.

Journalists from AFP this week found a bonfire of captagon pills on the grounds of the Mazzeh air base, now in the hands of HTS fighters who descended on the capital Damascus from the north.

Behind the smoldering heap, in a ransacked air force building, more captagon lay alongside other illicit exports, including off-brand Viagra impotence remedies and poorly-forged $100 bills.

“As we entered the area we found a huge quantity of captagon. So we destroyed it and burned it. It’s a huge amount, brother,” said an HTS fighter using the nom de guerre “Khattab.”

“We destroyed and burned it because it’s harmful to people. It harms nature and people and humans.”

Khattab also stressed that HTS, which has formed a transitional government to replace the collapsed administration, does not want to harm its neighbors by exporting the drug — a trade worth billions of dollars.


Sudan’s PM in Egypt on first foreign visit

Sudan’s PM in Egypt on first foreign visit
Updated 10 sec ago

Sudan’s PM in Egypt on first foreign visit

Sudan’s PM in Egypt on first foreign visit
  • Sudan’s Prime Minister Kamil Idris arrived in Cairo on Thursday morning for his first official foreign visit since assuming office in May, as his country’s army remains gripped by a brutal war
CAIRO: Sudan’s Prime Minister Kamil Idris arrived in Cairo on Thursday morning for his first official foreign visit since assuming office in May, as his country’s army remains gripped by a brutal war with paramilitaries.
Idris, a career diplomat and former UN official, is expected to hold talks with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, according to Sudan’s state news agency SUNA.
He will also hold expanded talks with his Egyptian counterpart Mostafa Madbouly and “discuss ways of enhancing bilateral cooperation in various fields,” according to a statement from Egypt’s cabinet.
Egypt has backed Sudan’s military leadership since war erupted in April 2023, when a fragile alliance between the army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) collapsed.
The RSF swiftly seized large parts of Khartoum, but after months of urban warfare, the army recaptured the capital in March this year.
Fighting has since shifted to other parts of the country — most notably the western regions of Darfur and Kordofan.
The conflict in Sudan has killed tens of thousands, displaced over 14 million and created what the United Nations describes as the world’s largest displacement and hunger crises.
Sudan is now effectively split, with the army in control of the north, east and center, while the RSF dominates nearly all of Darfur and parts of the south.
The RSF has been working to establish a rival administration in western Sudan — a move the United Nations warned could deepen divisions in the already fractured country.
Critics meanwhile say the new civilian-led government under Idris risks serving as a facade for continued military rule.

Mothers in Gaza stretch meager ingredients where they can, but say hunger persists

Mothers in Gaza stretch meager ingredients where they can, but say hunger persists
Updated 9 min ago

Mothers in Gaza stretch meager ingredients where they can, but say hunger persists

Mothers in Gaza stretch meager ingredients where they can, but say hunger persists
  • Some survive on stale pita, raw beans or whatever they can get when charity kitchens have food left. Gas is scarce, vegetables are costly and meat has all but disappeared from markets
  • The struggle to survive on limited ingredients is being felt across Gaza as the territory plunges deeper into what international experts have called “the worst-case scenario of famine”

DEIR AL-BALAH: A single bowl of eggplant stewed in watery tomato juice must sustain Sally Muzhed’s family of six for the day. She calls it moussaka, but it’s a pale echo of the fragrant, layered meat-and-vegetable dish that once filled Gaza’s kitchens with its aroma.
The war has severed families from the means to farm or fish, and the little food that enters the besieged strip is often looted, hoarded and resold at exorbitant prices. So mothers like Muzhed have been forced into constant improvization, reimagining Palestinian staples with the meager ingredients they can grab off trucks, from airdropped parcels or purchase at the market.
Israel implemented a total blockade on trucks entering the besieged strip in early March and began allowing aid back in May, although humanitarian organizations say the amount remains far from adequate.
Some cooks have gotten inventive, but most say they’re just desperate to break the dull repetition of the same few ingredients, if they can get them at all. Some families say they survive on stale, brittle pita, cans of beans eaten cold for lack of cooking gas, or whatever they can get on the days that they arrive early enough that meals remain available at charity kitchens.
“The children remain hungry. Tomorrow we won’t have any food to eat,” Muzhed said from the tent where her family has been displaced in central Gaza’s Deir Al-Balah.
Once, her bowl would barely have fed one child. Now she ladles it out in spoonfuls, trying to stretch it. Her son asks why he can’t have more.
The Muzhed family’s struggle is being repeated across Gaza as the territory plunges deeper into what international experts have called “the worst-case scenario of famine.”
On some days, mothers like Amani Al-Nabahin manage to get mujaddara from charity kitchens. The dish, once flavored with caramelized onions and spices, is now stripped to its bare essentials of rice and lentils.
“Nearly nine out of ten households resorted to extremely severe coping mechanisms to feed themselves, such as taking significant safety risks to obtain food, and scavenging from the garbage,” the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification said on July 29.
Gas for cooking is scarce, vegetables are costly and meat has all but vanished from the markets.
Families in Gaza once dipped pieces of bread into dukkah, a condiment made of ground wheat and spices. But today, 78-year-old Alia Hanani is rationing bread by the bite, served once a day at noon, allowing each person to dip it in a wartime dukkah made of flour, lentils and bulgur.
“There’s no dinner or breakfast,” the mother of eight said.
Some people don’t even have enough to improvise. All Rehab Al-Kharoubi has for her and her seven children is a bowl of raw white beans.
“I had to beg for it,” she said.
For some, it’s even less. Kifah Qadih, displaced from Khuza’a east of Khan Younis, couldn’t get any food — the bowl in front of her has remained empty all day.
“Today there is no food. There is nothing.”


Iran backs Hezbollah decisions as Lebanon mulls disarming group

Iran backs Hezbollah decisions as Lebanon mulls disarming group
Updated 5 min 52 sec ago

Iran backs Hezbollah decisions as Lebanon mulls disarming group

Iran backs Hezbollah decisions as Lebanon mulls disarming group
  • Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Wednesday that Iran supports its ally Hezbollah in its decisions, after the group rejected a Lebanese government plan to disarm it

TEHRAN: Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Wednesday that Iran supports its ally Hezbollah in its decisions, after the group rejected a Lebanese government plan to disarm it.
“Any decision on this matter will ultimately rest with Hezbollah itself. We support it from afar, but we do not intervene in its decisions,” Araghchi said in a television interview, adding that the group has “rebuilt itself” following setbacks during its war with Israel last year.


Kurdish-led SDF not complying with Syria integration deal, Turkish source says

Kurdish-led SDF not complying with Syria integration deal, Turkish source says
Updated 30 min 12 sec ago

Kurdish-led SDF not complying with Syria integration deal, Turkish source says

Kurdish-led SDF not complying with Syria integration deal, Turkish source says
  • Turkiye views the US-backed SDF as a terrorist organization and has repeatedly said it expects the group to abide by the deal to disarm and integrate into the Syrian state apparatus

ANKARA: The Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) is not acting in line with an accord it signed with Syria’s government this year to join the country’s state institutions, and the recent clashes between the group and government forces damages Syria’s unity, a Turkish Defense Ministry source said on Thursday.
Turkiye views the US-backed SDF as a terrorist organization and has repeatedly said it expects the group to abide by the deal to disarm and integrate into the Syrian state apparatus.
“It has not escaped our attention that the SDF terrorist organization’s voice has become louder, empowered by the clashes in Syria’s south,” the source told reporters at a briefing in Ankara, in a reference to the fighting between Druze and Bedouin forces last month.
“The SDF terrorist organization’s attacks in the outskirts of Manbij and Aleppo against the Syrian government in recent days damage Syria’s political unity and territorial integrity,” the person added.


Israel expected to approve expanded Gaza offensive as famine warnings intensify

Israel expected to approve expanded Gaza offensive as famine warnings intensify
Updated 07 August 2025

Israel expected to approve expanded Gaza offensive as famine warnings intensify

Israel expected to approve expanded Gaza offensive as famine warnings intensify
  • The planned Israeli offensive could displace up to one million Palestinians over the next five months, according to media reports

Israel is expected on thursday to approve a new phased military plan to seize large parts of the Gaza Strip, potentially displacing up to a million Palestinians over the next five months, according to Israeli media reports.

The plan, backed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, would begin with an offensive on Gaza City and central refugee camps, pushing much of the population southward toward the Mawasi humanitarian zone, according to .

The move is reportedly aimed at destroying what remains of Hamas and increasing pressure on the group to release the roughly 50 hostages still held in Gaza, of whom about 20 are believed to be alive.

Despite internal concerns, including warnings from senior Israeli military officials that such an operation could endanger the hostages, Netanyahu is expected to secure enough support from the high-level security cabinet, which convenes Thursday evening.

Meanwhile, humanitarian agencies are warning of a deepening crisis in the enclave. A global hunger monitor has described the situation as a “famine scenario,” with starvation spreading, children under five dying from hunger-related causes, and humanitarian access still severely restricted.

The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported that food consumption in Gaza has dropped to its lowest level since the war began. As of this week, 81 percent of households are experiencing poor food consumption, more than double the 33 percent recorded in April.

A European Union official told Reuters there had been some limited progress, including increased fuel deliveries, reopened routes, and infrastructure repairs. However, they warned that a lack of safe conditions on the ground continues to severely hinder the distribution of aid at scale.

Despite mounting international concern, the conflict shows no signs of slowing, with escalating military plans on one side and worsening humanitarian indicators on the other.