黑料社区

黑料社区鈥檚 sustainable desalination strategy

黑料社区鈥檚 sustainable desalination strategy

黑料社区鈥檚 sustainable desalination strategy
View of an integrated reverse osmosis membrane desalination plant. (SPA/file photo)
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The Arabian Gulf and the Red Sea are major sources of seafood and vital reservoirs of two of the most precious resources: water and oil.

The rich marine ecosystems within these bodies of water are characterized by a diverse array of unique and indigenous plants and animals that play crucial roles in maintaining ecological balance.

However, these sensitive habitats may experience significant physical and chemical stresses if the natural equilibrium is disturbed. 

黑料社区 is taking a leadership role on the global stage with its innovative and patented technologies developed by the Saudi Water Authority鈥檚 Water Technology Innovation and Research Development Institute.

These initiatives are focused not only on efficient desalination, but also on the responsible management of brine as a resource rather than merely as a waste product.

WTIIRA-SWA has created a groundbreaking dual brine concentration design that combines a nanofiltration system upstream of a reverse osmosis system and a membrane brine concentration system downstream.

This technology enables the extraction of two valuable brine streams: one that consists of concentrated and purified monovalent ions, which can be used to produce high-purity sodium chloride and bromine, and another that is rich in divalent ions usable for manufacturing various calcium and magnesium salts.

Such innovation not only contributes to the sustainability of desalination processes but also opens new avenues for economic viability, connecting the desalination industry to a range of applications in sectors such as chlor-alkali production, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

These initiatives are focused not only on efficient desalination, but also on the responsible management of brine as a resource rather than merely as a waste product.

Sarper Sarp

Another noteworthy achievement in this field is the extraction of vaterite calcium carbonate, distinguished by its unique chemical properties, including high porosity, increased surface area, greater solubility and biodegradability.

These attributes make vaterite calcium carbonate especially suitable for controlled release in pharmaceutical formulations, serving as an effective carrier for drug delivery. By harnessing such advanced materials, WTIIRA-SWA underscores its commitment to innovation in resource recovery.

Moreover, WTIIRA-SWA has implemented several pioneering strategies to minimize the environmental impact of desalination brine and preserve the precious ecosystems surrounding the Kingdom.

Efficient technology implementation: Modern desalination plants in 黑料社区 utilize advanced technologies that emphasize energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. 

Brine disposal management: In 黑料社区, the strategies for brine disposal are carefully considered. Detailed studies of dilution factors, dispersion patterns, and the assimilative capacity of the receiving marine environment are conducted to ensure that discharged brine is safely integrated without detrimental effects on marine life.

Monitoring and regulation: Rigorous environmental monitoring programs are established to assess the impact of desalination plant effluents on the marine ecosystem. 

Coastal ecosystem preservation: Strategic placement of desalination plants is intended to reduce impacts on sensitive coastal ecosystems. 

Research and development: Ongoing research and development initiatives aim to improve desalination technologies and processes further. 

Through these comprehensive approaches, WTIIRA-SWA is not only addressing the challenges of desalination but also setting a global standard for sustainability in the management of water resources.

鈥&苍产蝉辫;Sarper Sarp is a senior expert at the Saudi Water Authority鈥檚 Water Technology Innovation and Research Development Institute.

Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not necessarily reflect Arab News' point of view

Israel may have breached EU agreement, bloc鈥檚 foreign policy arm says

Israel may have breached EU agreement, bloc鈥檚 foreign policy arm says
Updated 13 sec ago

Israel may have breached EU agreement, bloc鈥檚 foreign policy arm says

Israel may have breached EU agreement, bloc鈥檚 foreign policy arm says
  • EU-Israel pact requires 鈥渞espect for human rights and democratic principles鈥 for both sides
  • EU foreign ministers are set to discuss the review during a gathering in Brussels on Monday

Palestinians try to get food at a charity kitchen providing hot meals in Rimal neighborhood in Gaza City on June 18, 2025, amid the ongoing war between Israel and the Palestinian Hamas movement. (AFP)


Mourners carry a body for burial outside al-Awda hospital in Nuseirat camp in central Gaza, on June 20, 2025, after several Palestinians were killed as they reportedly headed to a food distribution centre in the war-stricken Gaza Strip. (AFP)


Palestinians try to get food at a charity kitchen providing hot meals in Rimal neighborhood in Gaza City on June 18, 2025, amid the ongoing war between Israel and the Palestinian Hamas movement. (AFP)

Palestinians carry sacks and boxes of food and humanitarian aid that was unloaded from a World Food Program convoy that had been heading to Gaza City in the northern Gaza Strip on June 16, 2025. (AP)

 

 

BRUSSELS: The European Union鈥檚 diplomatic service said on Friday there were indications that Israel had breached its human rights obligations under the terms of a pact governing its ties with the bloc, according to a document seen by Reuters.
Citing assessments by independent international institutions, the European External Action Service said 鈥渢here are indications that Israel would be in breach of its human rights obligations under Article 2 of the EU-Israel Association Agreement.鈥
The report comes after months of deepening concern in European capitals about Israel鈥檚 operations in Gaza and the humanitarian situation in the enclave.
鈥淚srael鈥檚 continued restrictions to the provision of food, medicines, medical equipment, and other vital supplies affect the entire population of Gaza present on the affected territory,鈥 the document said.

Palestinians try to get food at a charity kitchen providing hot meals in Rimal neighborhood in Gaza City on June 18, 2025, amid the ongoing war between Israel and the Palestinian Hamas movement. (AFP)

Asked about the EU review, an Israeli official called it 鈥渁 one-sided report that exemplifies the double standards the EU uses toward Israel.鈥
Under the EU-Israel Association Agreement, which came into force in 2000, the EU and Israel agreed that their relationship 鈥渟hall be based on respect for human rights and democratic principles.鈥
The EU鈥檚 top diplomat, Kaja Kallas, announced in May that the bloc would examine whether Israel was complying with the terms of the pact, after over half of EU members backed the conducting of a review.
The report includes a section dedicated to the situation in Gaza, covering issues related to denial of humanitarian aid, attacks with a significant number of casualties, attacks on hospitals and medical facilities, displacement, and lack of accountability.

Mourners carry a body for burial outside al-Awda hospital in Nuseirat camp in central Gaza, on June 20, 2025, after several Palestinians were killed as they reportedly headed to a food distribution centre in the war-stricken Gaza Strip. (AFP)

The report also looks at the situation in the West Bank, including settler violence.
The document relies on 鈥渇acts verified by and assessments made by independent international institutions, and with a focus on most recent events in Gaza and the West Bank,鈥 it said.
Israel has said that it respects international law and that operations in Gaza are necessary to destroy Hamas, the Palestinian group responsible for the Oct. 7, 2023, attacks on Israel.
EU foreign ministers are set to discuss the review during a gathering in Brussels on Monday. Member countries remain divided in their approach to Israel.
While some ministers could advocate for moving toward taking action based on the review, no concrete decisions are expected at Monday鈥檚 session.
Diplomats expect EU officials will reach out to Israel with the outcome of the review in an effort to influence it, and that ministers will return to the subject during a July meeting.


Columbia protester Mahmoud Khalil freed from immigration detention

Columbia protester Mahmoud Khalil freed from immigration detention
Updated 5 min 35 sec ago

Columbia protester Mahmoud Khalil freed from immigration detention

Columbia protester Mahmoud Khalil freed from immigration detention
  • Khalil, a Columbia University student, who became a leader of pro-Palestinian campus protests has been in custody since March facing deportation
  • District Judge Michael Farbiarz ordered Khalil鈥檚 release on bail allowing him to return to New York while his case proceeds

JENA, Louisiana: Palestinian activist Mahmoud Khalil was released Friday from federal immigration detention, freed after three months by a judge鈥檚 ruling after becoming a symbol of President Donald Trump 鈥榮 clampdown on campus protests.
The former Columbia University graduate student left a federal facility in Louisiana on Friday. He is expected to head to New York to reunite with his US citizen wife and newborn son.
The Trump administration sought to deport him over his role in pro-Palestinian protests
鈥淛ustice prevailed, but it鈥檚 very long overdue,鈥 he said outside the facility in a remote part of Louisiana. 鈥淭his shouldn鈥檛 have taken three months.鈥
Khalil was released after US District Judge Michael Farbiarz said it would be 鈥渉ighly, highly unusual鈥 for the government to continue detaining a legal US resident who was unlikely to flee and hadn鈥檛 been accused of any violence.
鈥淧etitioner is not a flight risk and the evidence presented is that he is not a danger to the community,鈥 he said. 鈥淧eriod, full stop.鈥
Later in the hourlong hearing, which took place by phone, the judge said the government had 鈥渃learly not met鈥 the standards for detention.
The government filed notice Friday evening that it鈥檚 appealing Khalil鈥檚 release.
Khalil had to surrender his passport and can鈥檛 travel internationally, but he will get his green card back and be given official documents permitting limited travel within the country, including New York and Michigan to visit family, New Jersey and Louisiana for court appearances and Washington to lobby Congress.
Khalil was the first person arrested under President Donald Trump 鈥榮 crackdown on students who joined campus protests against Israel鈥檚 devastating war in Gaza. US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has said Khalil must be expelled from the country because his continued presence could harm American foreign policy.
Farbiarz had ruled earlier that the government couldn鈥檛 deport Khalil on those grounds, but gave it leeway to continue pursuing a potential deportation based on allegations that he lied on his green card application. Trump administration lawyers repeated that accusation at Friday鈥檚 court hearing. It鈥檚 an accusation Khalil disputes.
In issuing his ruling Friday, the judge agreed with Khalil鈥檚 lawyers that the protest leader was being prevented from exercising his free speech and due process rights despite no obvious reason for his continued detention. The judge noted that Khalil is now clearly a public figure.
Khalil鈥檚 lawyers had asked that he either be freed on bail or, at the very least, moved from Louisiana to New Jersey so he can be closer to his wife and newborn son, who are both US citizens.
Khalil鈥檚 wife, Dr. Noor Abdalla, said she can finally 鈥渂reathe a sigh of relief鈥 after her husband鈥檚 three months in detention.
鈥淲e know this ruling does not begin to address the injustices the Trump administration has brought upon our family, and so many others,鈥 she said in a statement provided by Khalil鈥檚 lawyers. 鈥淏ut today we are celebrating Mahmoud coming back to New York to be reunited with our little family.鈥
The judge鈥檚 decision comes after several other scholars targeted for their activism have been released from custody, including another former Palestinian student at Columbia, Mohsen Mahdawi; a Tufts University student, Rumeysa Ozturk; and a Georgetown University scholar, Badar Khan Suri.
Khalil was detained on March 8 at his apartment building in Manhattan over his participation in pro-Palestinian demonstrations.
The international affairs graduate student isn鈥檛 accused of breaking any laws during the protests at Columbia. He served as a negotiator and spokesperson for student activists and wasn鈥檛 among the demonstrators arrested, but his prominence in news coverage and willingness to speak publicly made him a target of critics.
The Trump administration has argued that noncitizens who participate in such demonstrations should be expelled from the country as it considers their views antisemitic.

 


Morocco says 2024 鈥榟ottest year鈥 on record

Morocco says 2024 鈥榟ottest year鈥 on record
Updated 50 min 32 sec ago

Morocco says 2024 鈥榟ottest year鈥 on record

Morocco says 2024 鈥榟ottest year鈥 on record
  • Moroccan climatologist Mohammed-Said Karrouk, who also heads Morocco鈥檚 National Future Planet Committee, warned that the kingdom鈥檚 geography and climate make it more vulnerable to temperature extremes

RABAT: The year 2024 was Morocco鈥檚 hottest on record, the North African country鈥檚 meteorological agency said on Friday, mirroring the record surface temperatures measured globally.
In an annual report, the agency said it recorded an average temperature anomaly of +1.49 degrees Celsius (+2.7 Fahrenheit) last year compared to the 1991-2020 period.
鈥淭he year 2024 stands out as the hottest ever recorded in Morocco,鈥 it said, adding that every month in 2024, excluding June and September, had been hotter than the average for the 1991-2020 reference period.
Several cities broke daily heat records, with 47.6 degrees Celsius (117.7 Fahrenheit) in Marrakech and 47.7 degrees Celsius (117.8 Fahrenheit) in Beni Mellal in July last year, the agency said.
It also noted 鈥渁n increase in thermal anomalies, particularly during the autumn and winter seasons.鈥
Morocco鈥檚 all-time heat record was set in August 2023, when temperatures hit 50.4 degrees Celsius (122 Fahrenheit) in Agadir.
The country, which is enduring a seventh straight year of drought, registered an average rainfall deficit of -24.7 percent last year, the report said.
The agency said last year鈥檚 data reflected 鈥渁n amplification of climate contrasts in Morocco, where prolonged droughts alternate with episodes of extreme precipitation.鈥
Torrential rains in September 2024 鈥 causing floods and killing 18 people 鈥 鈥渄id not reverse the overall rainfall deficit,鈥 it added.
Moroccan climatologist Mohammed-Said Karrouk, who also heads Morocco鈥檚 National Future Planet Committee, warned that the kingdom鈥檚 geography and climate make it more vulnerable to temperature extremes.
He said warming was now observed in all seasons.
鈥淚n autumn, lingering summer heat combined with gradually cooling temperatures favors violent downpours, which have become more dangerous due to excess humidity in the atmosphere,鈥 he said.
鈥淚n winter, the heat originating mostly from warming tropical oceans now influences North Africa as well.鈥
A former member of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Karrouk also warned of a recent intensification of the West African monsoon 鈥 a seasonal wind system that brings moist air from the Atlantic Ocean 鈥 which he linked to the deadly September floods.
He called for the construction of shelters to protect vulnerable populations and dams to capture water 鈥 a valuable resource with Morocco鈥檚 unrelenting drought.
Weather extremes have taken a toll on farming, a vital sector for Morocco which employs nearly a third of its active population and accounts for 12 percent of GDP.
Scientists say that recurring heatwaves are a clear marker of global warming and that they are set to become more frequent, longer and more intense.
Fuelled by human-driven climate change, 2024 was the warmest year on record globally 鈥 and 2025 is projected to rank among the top three.

 


Hundreds of US citizens left Iran in last week, State Dept cable says

Hundreds of US citizens left Iran in last week, State Dept cable says
Updated 57 min 22 sec ago

Hundreds of US citizens left Iran in last week, State Dept cable says

Hundreds of US citizens left Iran in last week, State Dept cable says
  • Washington is looking at ways to potentially evacuate its citizens from Israel, but it has almost no way of assisting Americans inside Iran

WASHINGTON: Hundreds of American citizens have departed Iran using land routes over the past week since an aerial war between the Islamic Republic and Israel broke out, according to an internal State Department cable seen by Reuters on Friday.
While many left without problem, 鈥渘umerous鈥 citizens had faced 鈥渄elays and harassment鈥 while trying to exit, the cable said. It said, without giving further details, that one unidentified family had reported that two US citizens attempting to leave Iran had been detained.
The internal cable dated June 20 underscores the challenge Washington is facing in trying to protect and assist its citizens in a country with which it has no diplomatic relations and in a war in which the United States may soon get involved.
The State Department did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The cable was first reported by The Washington Post.

HIGHLIGHTS

鈥 US advises land exits via Azerbaijan, Armenia or Turkey

鈥 Some US citizens departing Iran faced problems, cable says

鈥 Over 6,400 US citizens filled possible evacuation form in Israel

President Donald Trump and the White House said on Thursday he will decide in the next two weeks whether the US will get involved in the Israel-Iran war. Trump has kept the world guessing on his plans, veering from proposing a swift diplomatic solution to suggesting Washington might join the fighting on Israel鈥檚 side.
The air war began on June 13 when Israel attacked Iran and has alarmed a region that has been on edge since the start of Israel鈥檚 war in Gaza in October 2023.
Israel is the only country in the Middle East widely believed to have nuclear weapons, and said it struck Iran to prevent Tehran from developing its own nuclear weapons.
Iran, which says its nuclear program is peaceful, has retaliated with its own strikes on Israel. Iran is a party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, while Israel is not.

POTENTIAL EVACUATION
The US State Department in a travel alert earlier on Friday urged its citizens wishing to depart Iran to use land routes via Azerbaijan, Armenia or Turkiye. Iranian airspace is closed.
The US Embassy in the Turkmenistan capital of Ashgabat has requested entry for over 100 American citizens, but the Turkmenistan government has yet to give its approval, the cable said.
The Islamic Republic treats Iranian-US dual citizens solely as nationals of Iran, the State Department emphasized.
鈥淯S nationals are at significant risk of questioning, arrest and detention in Iran,鈥 the alert said.
Washington is looking at ways to potentially evacuate its citizens from Israel, but it has almost no way of assisting Americans inside Iran. The two countries have had no diplomatic ties since the Iranian Revolution in 1979.
US Ambassador to Israel Mike Huckabee on Thursday said the administration was looking at different ways to get US citizens out.
鈥淲e鈥檙e working to get military, commercial, charter flights and cruise ships for evac,鈥 he said in an X post, urging US citizens and green card holders to complete an online form.
As of Friday, more than 6,400 US citizens filled out that form for Israel, a separate internal department email seen by Reuters said. The form allows the agency to predict an approximate figure for potential evacuations.
鈥淎pproximately 300-500 US citizens per day would potentially require departure assistance,鈥 said the internal email, also dated June 20 and marked 鈥渟ensitive.鈥
The State Department does not have official figures but thousands of US citizens are thought to be residing in Iran and hundreds of thousands in Israel.
Israel鈥檚 strikes over the last week have killed 639 people in Iran, according to the Human Rights Activists News Agency. Israel says Iranian attacks have killed 24 civilians in Israel.
鈥淭he US Department of State received no reports of US citizen casualties in Israel or Iran,鈥 the second email said.

 


A woman tried to call her mom in Iran. A robotic voice answered the phone

This picture shows a general view of Iran's capital Tehran on June 16, 2025. (AFP)
This picture shows a general view of Iran's capital Tehran on June 16, 2025. (AFP)
Updated 21 June 2025

A woman tried to call her mom in Iran. A robotic voice answered the phone

This picture shows a general view of Iran's capital Tehran on June 16, 2025. (AFP)
  • 鈥淐alling your mom and expecting to hear her voice and hearing an AI voice is one of the most scary things I鈥檝e ever experienced,鈥 she said. 鈥淚 can feel it in my body鈥

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates: When Ellie, a British-Iranian living in the United Kingdom, tried to call her mother in Tehran, a robotic female voice answered instead.
鈥淎lo? Alo?鈥 the voice said, then asked in English: 鈥淲ho is calling?鈥 A few seconds passed.
鈥淚 can鈥檛 heard you,鈥 the voice continued, its English imperfect. 鈥淲ho you want to speak with? I鈥檓 Alyssia. Do you remember me? I think I don鈥檛 know who are you.鈥
Ellie, 44, is one of nine Iranians living abroad 鈥 including in the U.K and US 鈥 who said they have gotten strange, robotic voices when they attempted to call their loved ones in Iran since Israel launched airstrikes on the country a week ago.
They told their stories to The Associated Press on the condition they remain anonymous or that only their first names or initials be used out of fear of endangering their families.
Five experts with whom the AP shared recordings said it could be low-tech artificial intelligence, a chatbot or a pre-recorded message to which calls from abroad were diverted.
It remains unclear who is behind the operation, though four of the experts believed it was likely to be the Iranian government while the fifth saw Israel as more likely.
The messages are deeply eerie and disconcerting for Iranians in the diaspora struggling to contact their families as Israel鈥檚 offensive targeting Iranian nuclear and military sites pounds Tehran and other cities. Iran has retaliated with hundreds of missiles and drones, and the government has imposed a widespread Internet blackout it says is to protect the country.
That has blocked average Iranians from getting information from the outside world, and their relatives from being able to reach them.
鈥淚 don鈥檛 know why they鈥檙e doing this,鈥 said Ellie, whose mother is diabetic, low on insulin and trapped on the outskirts of Tehran. She wants her mother to evacuate the city but cannot communicate that to her.
A request for comment sent to the Iranian mission to the UN was not immediately answered.
Some of the messages are bizarre
Most of the voices speak in English, though at least one spoke Farsi. If the caller tries to talk to it, the voice just continues with its message.
A 30-year-old women living in New York, who heard the same message Ellie did, called it 鈥減sychological warfare.鈥
鈥淐alling your mom and expecting to hear her voice and hearing an AI voice is one of the most scary things I鈥檝e ever experienced,鈥 she said. 鈥淚 can feel it in my body.鈥
And the messages can be bizarre. One woman living in the UK desperately called her mom and instead got a voice offering platitudes.
鈥淭hank you for taking the time to listen,鈥 it said, in a recording that she shared with the AP. 鈥淭oday, I鈥檇 like to share some thoughts with you and share a few things that might resonate in our daily lives. Life is full of unexpected surprises, and these surprises can sometimes bring joy while at other times they challenge us.鈥
Not all Iranians abroad encounter the robotic voice. Some said when they try to call family, the phone just rings and rings.
It鈥檚 not clear who is behind this 鈥 or what the goal is
Colin Crowell, a former vice president for Twitter鈥檚 global policy, said it appeared that Iranian phone companies were diverting the calls to a default message system that does not allow calls to be completed.
Amir Rashidi, an Iranian cybersecurity expert based in the US, agreed and said the recordings appeared to be a government measure to thwart hackers, though there was no hard evidence.
He said that in the first two days of Israel鈥檚 campaign, mass voice and text messages were sent to Iranian phones urging the public to gear up for 鈥渆mergency conditions.鈥 They aimed to spread panic 鈥 similar to mass calls that government opponents made into Iran during the war with Iraq in the 1980s.
The voice messages trying to calm people 鈥渇it the pattern of the Iranian government and how in the past it handled emergency situations,鈥 said Rashidi, the director of Texas-based Miaan, a group that reports on digital rights in the Middle East.
Mobile phones and landlines ultimately are overseen by Iran鈥檚 Ministry of Information and Communications Technology. But the country鈥檚 intelligence services have long been believed to be monitoring conversations.
鈥淚t would be hard for anybody else to hack. Of course, it is possible it is Israeli. But I don鈥檛 think they have an incentive to do this,鈥 said Mehdi Yahyanejad, a tech entrepreneur and Internet freedom activist.
Marwa Fatafta, Berlin-based policy and advocacy director for digital rights group Access Now, suggested it could be 鈥渁 form of psychological warfare by the Israelis.鈥 She said it fits a past pattern by Israel of using extensive direct messaging to Lebanese and Palestinians during campaigns in Gaza and against Hezbollah.
The messages, she said, appear aimed at 鈥渢ormenting鈥 already anxious Iranians abroad.
When contacted with requests for comment, the Israeli military declined and the prime minister鈥檚 office did not respond.
Trying new ways to contact relatives
Ellie is one of a lucky few who found a way to reach relatives since the blackout. She knows someone who lives on the Iran-Turkiye border and has two phones 鈥 one with a Turkish SIM card and one with an Iranian SIM.
He calls Ellie鈥檚 mother with the Iranian phone 鈥 since people inside the country are still able to call one another 鈥 and presses it to the Turkish phone, where Ellie鈥檚 on the line. The two are able to speak.
鈥淭he last time we spoke to her, we told her about the AI voice that is answering all her calls,鈥 said Ellie. 鈥淪he was shocked. She said her phone hasn鈥檛 rung at all.鈥
Elon Musk said he has activated his satellite Internet provider Starlink in Iran, where a small number of people are believed to have the system, even though it is illegal. Authorities are urging the public to turn in neighbors with the devices as part of an ongoing spy hunt. Others have illegal satellite dishes, granting them access to international news.
The messages are making relatives feel helpless
M., a woman in the UK, has been trying to reach her mother-in-law, who is immobile and lives in Tehran鈥檚 northeast, which has been pummeled by Israeli bombardment throughout the week.
When she last spoke to her family in Iran, they were mulling whether she should evacuate from the city. Then the blackout was imposed, and they lost contact. Since then she has heard through a relative that the woman was in the ICU with respiratory problems.
When she calls, she gets the same bizarre message as the woman in the UK, a lengthy mantra.
鈥淐lose your eyes and picture yourself in a place that brings you peace and happiness,鈥 it says. 鈥淢aybe you are walking through a serene forest, listening to the rustle of leaves and birds chirping. Or you鈥檙e by the seashore, hearing the calming sound of waves crashing on the sand.鈥
The only feeling the message does instill in her, she said, is 鈥渉elplessness.鈥